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Pharmacology..!
Exam 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
EUPNEA | Normal, quiet breathing within normal |
APNEA | No Breathing |
HYPOXIA | Low arterial oxygen |
DYSPNEA | Shortness of breath |
BRADYPNEA | Abnormally slow breathing |
TACHYPNEA | Abnormally rapid breathing |
TACHYCARDIA | Pulse rate >100 |
BRADYCARDIA | Pulse rate <60 |
ORTOSTATIC HYPOTENSION | Blood pressure changes with body position |
HYPOTENSION | Systolic pressure <90 |
SYSTOLIC | LV Peak of contraction |
DIASTOLIC | LV Relaxation |
PHARMACOKINETICS | What the body does to the drugs. |
PHARMACODYNAMICS | What the drugs does to the body. |
ENTERAL | Anything that is swallowed, anything on Digestive system. 30-45mins |
PARENTERAL | Around the digestive system, bypassing it (IV). Immediate |
SUBCUTANEOUS | Under the skin. 15-20mins |
INTRAMUSCULAR | Into muscle.10-15mins |
TOPICAL | Transdermal- sytemic sublingual. 10-20mins. On burns = immediate. |
First pass effect | Metabolize after the med reaches the liver. |
Distribution | Drug transported through bloodstream to site of action |
Drug/Drug interaction | may be done purposefully to help the other drugs. |
Biotransformation (Metabolism) | In liver, changed to usable form, excreted |
Half-time | How long stays in the system. |
Duration | How long therapeutic effect |
Onset | when therapeutic effect begins |
Receptor interaction | Drug molecule joins reactive site on cell or tissue. |
Enzyme reaction | Estimulates or blocks enzymatic reactions |
Nonspecific interactions | Involved with cell wall prod. or destruction. |
Agonist | A med that causes a reaction/effect |
Antagonist | works against the reaction/ effect. |
pharmacotherapeutics | finding out why we are giving this med. |
Acute | Need meds now |
maintenance | maintain status quo. |
supplemental | supplement missing components. |
palliative | provides comfort in terminal process |
supportive | doesnt treat cause, supports body functions |
prophylactic | prevents disease |
therapeutic index | making sure that the drugs levels are within the therapeutic range and not too or too little. |
Peak | right after meds are administered |
trough | right before the drugs are administered |
Tolerance | needs more dosage of the same drug to get to the same effect as before. |
dependence | become addictive to it. no drug/withdrawal |
pharmacognosy | the study of medications from natural sources. plants and animals. |
Generic name | given by USAN council (us adopted game) |
trade name | the manufacturers name |
Controlled substances act 1970 | 5 different classes |
CLASS 1 | Drugs that have no defiable med. value. Heroin n Weed |
CLASS 2 | High rate dependence. codeine, meperidine |
CLASS 3 | Moderate rate of dependence. hydrocodone |
CLASS 4 | Value/low lvl. diazepam |
CLASS 5 | Even lower potential for abuse. Meds for cough and diahrrea. |
Intrathecal | injected into the CSF |
IM | intramuscular |
Epidural | injected just outside the dura matter. treats meningitis, cancer, encephalitis. |
Gate control theory | impulses from damage tissues, sensed in brain, interpreted as pain. |
Acute Pain | Pain experiencing now. <2months |
Chronic Pain | >3months. pain stays more than 3 months |
Pain control | important to patient joint. the most common complain |
Narcotics analgesics | strongest pain reliever, binds to receptors in cns, pt will need assistance with breathing. |
Narcotic drugs come from... | Opium, poppie flower. by smoking or eating it can get analgesics effects right away. |
Non-narcotic | It doesnt come from the opium flower. |
Tylenol | can cause liver failure |
Aspirin | GI bleeding,nausea. |
BENZODIAZEPINES | Depresses cns, types usually end in -PAM. Therapeutic affect: calm, relax, sleep. Side effects: drowsiness, safe, respiratory depression, may stop breathing. |