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Pharmacology..!
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| EUPNEA | Normal, quiet breathing within normal |
| APNEA | No Breathing |
| HYPOXIA | Low arterial oxygen |
| DYSPNEA | Shortness of breath |
| BRADYPNEA | Abnormally slow breathing |
| TACHYPNEA | Abnormally rapid breathing |
| TACHYCARDIA | Pulse rate >100 |
| BRADYCARDIA | Pulse rate <60 |
| ORTOSTATIC HYPOTENSION | Blood pressure changes with body position |
| HYPOTENSION | Systolic pressure <90 |
| SYSTOLIC | LV Peak of contraction |
| DIASTOLIC | LV Relaxation |
| PHARMACOKINETICS | What the body does to the drugs. |
| PHARMACODYNAMICS | What the drugs does to the body. |
| ENTERAL | Anything that is swallowed, anything on Digestive system. 30-45mins |
| PARENTERAL | Around the digestive system, bypassing it (IV). Immediate |
| SUBCUTANEOUS | Under the skin. 15-20mins |
| INTRAMUSCULAR | Into muscle.10-15mins |
| TOPICAL | Transdermal- sytemic sublingual. 10-20mins. On burns = immediate. |
| First pass effect | Metabolize after the med reaches the liver. |
| Distribution | Drug transported through bloodstream to site of action |
| Drug/Drug interaction | may be done purposefully to help the other drugs. |
| Biotransformation (Metabolism) | In liver, changed to usable form, excreted |
| Half-time | How long stays in the system. |
| Duration | How long therapeutic effect |
| Onset | when therapeutic effect begins |
| Receptor interaction | Drug molecule joins reactive site on cell or tissue. |
| Enzyme reaction | Estimulates or blocks enzymatic reactions |
| Nonspecific interactions | Involved with cell wall prod. or destruction. |
| Agonist | A med that causes a reaction/effect |
| Antagonist | works against the reaction/ effect. |
| pharmacotherapeutics | finding out why we are giving this med. |
| Acute | Need meds now |
| maintenance | maintain status quo. |
| supplemental | supplement missing components. |
| palliative | provides comfort in terminal process |
| supportive | doesnt treat cause, supports body functions |
| prophylactic | prevents disease |
| therapeutic index | making sure that the drugs levels are within the therapeutic range and not too or too little. |
| Peak | right after meds are administered |
| trough | right before the drugs are administered |
| Tolerance | needs more dosage of the same drug to get to the same effect as before. |
| dependence | become addictive to it. no drug/withdrawal |
| pharmacognosy | the study of medications from natural sources. plants and animals. |
| Generic name | given by USAN council (us adopted game) |
| trade name | the manufacturers name |
| Controlled substances act 1970 | 5 different classes |
| CLASS 1 | Drugs that have no defiable med. value. Heroin n Weed |
| CLASS 2 | High rate dependence. codeine, meperidine |
| CLASS 3 | Moderate rate of dependence. hydrocodone |
| CLASS 4 | Value/low lvl. diazepam |
| CLASS 5 | Even lower potential for abuse. Meds for cough and diahrrea. |
| Intrathecal | injected into the CSF |
| IM | intramuscular |
| Epidural | injected just outside the dura matter. treats meningitis, cancer, encephalitis. |
| Gate control theory | impulses from damage tissues, sensed in brain, interpreted as pain. |
| Acute Pain | Pain experiencing now. <2months |
| Chronic Pain | >3months. pain stays more than 3 months |
| Pain control | important to patient joint. the most common complain |
| Narcotics analgesics | strongest pain reliever, binds to receptors in cns, pt will need assistance with breathing. |
| Narcotic drugs come from... | Opium, poppie flower. by smoking or eating it can get analgesics effects right away. |
| Non-narcotic | It doesnt come from the opium flower. |
| Tylenol | can cause liver failure |
| Aspirin | GI bleeding,nausea. |
| BENZODIAZEPINES | Depresses cns, types usually end in -PAM. Therapeutic affect: calm, relax, sleep. Side effects: drowsiness, safe, respiratory depression, may stop breathing. |
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