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Someones Micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 groups of microbes found as normal flora on the skin | diptheroids, Staphylococci, Fungi-Yeasts |
| Exfoliatin | toxin produced by S. aureus, seperates the skin, scalded skin syndrome |
| 2 species that cause impetigo | Streptococcus Pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus |
| Pyoderma | Pus and skin |
| potential complication of pyodermas caused by Streptococcus species | Glomerulonephritis |
| how long must the tick feed before Rickettsia rickettsii can be transmitted? | 4 to 10 hours |
| What disease does the species Rickettsia rickettsii cause | Rocky mountain spotted fever |
| zoonois | disease o animals that are transmitted to humans |
| What is the scientific name for the rash in lyme disease | erytherma migrans |
| What species causes Lyme disease? | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| What secondary complications are associated with Rubeola or measles? | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
| What is Rubella? | German Measles or 3 day measles |
| What are the symptoms for Rubella? | slight fever mild cold symptoms enlarged lymph nodes and faint rash |
| In what patient does Rubellas cause severe disease? | Pregnant women |
| Wounds that are relatively anaerobic, is this a dangerous aspect of wounds? | Yes, because it allows for colonization by dangerous anaerobic pathogens such as Clostridium tetni |
| What species is the leading cause of wound infections? | Staphylococcus |
| Waht species commonly infects intavenous devices? | Staphylococcus epidermdis |
| What protects S. epidermdis from attack by phagocytes? | Glycocalyx |
| What species causes Necrotizing fasciitis | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| How is Necrotizing fasciitis treated to prevent fatal complications? | Urgent surgery amputation |
| Why are antibacterial medications not effective for treating necrotizing fasciitis? | because of toxins |
| What types of wound infections are frequently associated with Pseudononas aeruginosa? | Nosocomial infections, burns, etc. |
| What are typical symptoms of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection? | a green color from pigment |
| Why is a pseudomonas aeruginosa infection hard to treat? | toxins and are usually resistant to antimicrobial medications |
| What is the treatment for tetanus? | anti-toxin treatment |
| What treatment is necessary fro gas gangrene | Prompt surgical removal of all dead and infected tissues |
| What is the epidemiology of sporotrichosis? | Worldwide, mostly warmer regions a disease of farmers carpenters green house workers, people who deal with plants, children who play in hay |
| How could normal flora be helpful to the host? | competes and fights off pathogens |
| What is the function of bacterial endospores? | survival |
| 3 sites on the human body that are normally colonized by staphylococci | nose, skin and ears |
| 3 skin infections cause By Staphylococcus aureus | Scalded skin syndrome, hair follicle infections, impetigo |
| 3 skin infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes | Necrotizing faciitis, strep-throat, scarlet fever, streptococcal impetigo |
| what test is used to quickly distinguish between the Staphylococci and Streptococci | Catalase Staph + Strep - |
| What test may be used to determine between S. aureus and S. epidermidis? | Coagulase, S. aureus is a primary pathogen |
| Is the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract harmful of beneficial to the human host? | beneficial, because it competes with more dangerous pathogens |
| Would a direct gram stain of a sputum specimen beo of any immediate value to the physician in choosing treatment fro a patient with pneumonia? | yes can help determine the organism to be treated |
| Does antimicrobial therapy have any effect on the body's normal flora? | yes antimicrobials can cause superinfections cause overgrowth of a normally harmless bacteria, diarrhea or yeast infections |
| Why is penicillin a potential treatment for S. pneumoniae but not for K. pneumoniae | becaus penicillin does not work on gram negative Rods |
| Why is Mac usuful in the primary isolation fo Klebsiella pneumoniae | because it is selective for gram neg enteric rods |
| Why is a direct smear of CSF essential when bacterial meningitis is suspected | CSF is sterile and needs to be checked for the presence of m.o. which will indicate an infection |
| can N. meningitidis be easily differentiated from Streptococcus pneumonia based on microscopic morphology and gram reaction? | N. meningitidis is Gram neg. while Streptococcus is gram + cocci arranged in chains |
| Which serotype of Haemophilus influenzae is responsible for most cases of serious disease caused by this species? | type B |
| How is Haemophilus influenzae prevented today? | cojugate vaccines |
| What is the most frequent cuse of neningitis in children between the ages of 2 and 18? | Neisseria meningitidis |
| What is the most frequent cuse of meningitis in neonates? | group b streptococcus |
| What is the most frequent cuse of meningitis in toddlers | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| What is the most frequent cuse of meningitis in adults | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| What si the only human pathogen that prefrentially attacks the peripeheral nerves? | Mycobacterium leprae |
| What disease does Mycobacterium leprae cause? | Hansens disease or Leporsy |
| 3 viruses that cause viral meningitis | mumps, coxsackie virus and echoviruss |
| Which is the most common virus to cause viral meningitis | coxsackie -fecal-oral route |
| What is viremia? | viruses circulating through the blood |
| 3 viruses that causes viral encephalitis? | herpes simplex virus, mumps measles mononucleoses |
| What virus causes most reported cases of viral encephalitis in the U.S. | herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| What is the characteristic feature fo poliomyelitis? | selective destruction of motor nere cells |
| Does a patient lose sensations of feelings in affected limbs poliomyelitis? | no the lose movement not sensation |
| How is polio prevented? | vaccine |
| When is polio expected to be eradicated | 2005 |
| Why is rabies now rare in humans when is so common in wildlife? | pet vaccination |
| What species causes streptococcal pharyngitis and from which group | Streptococcus pyogenes Group A |
| How is streptococcal pharyngitis transmitted? | through coughing sneezing esp. in close range |
| What are 2 late complications of streptococcal pharynigitis | acute glomerulonephritis and acute rheumatic fever |
| What species causes diphtheria | Corynebacteruim diphtheria |
| What substance actually mediates diphtheria? | diphtheria toxin |
| What is the leading cause of pneumonia in college students and military recruits? | Mycoplasmal pneumonia |
| what is Mycoplasmal pneumonia formly known as? | walking pneumonia |
| What is another name for whooping cough>? | Pertussis |
| How many deaths occur worldwid due to pertussis? | 300,000 to 500,000 |
| How is pertussis prevented | vaccine DPT |
| What species most commonly causes tuberculosis? | Mycobacterium turerculosis |
| How is tuberculosis spread? | through inhaling airborne organisms from a person with TB |
| What vaccine is used for TB in other parts of the world but not in US | BCG, because it will show a postive on TB test |
| What is the test for TB? | Mantoux Test |
| What species causes Legionnaire's disease? | Legionella pneumophila |
| How is legionnaire's disease transmitted? | by breathing aerosolized water contaminated with the organism |
| How is legionairres disease treated | erythromycin |
| Why are so many deaths from influenza when it is generally a mild disease | bacterial secondary infections |
| What strain of influenza resulted in a pandemic in the early part of the 20th century | spanish flu |
| What is the source fo the virus that causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome? | Rodents |
| How is hantavirus treansmitted? | by inhalation of dust contaminated with the urine, feces or saliva of infected rodents |
| Catalase test | a test in which hydrogen peroxide is added to culture on a slide, gas produced is postive bubbles present, enzyme catalase is present |
| Coagulase | a test in which organisms are mixed with plasma in a test tube if cells clump together postive |
| Commensals | organisms that live togehter in close association and may or may not benefit each other |
| Penicillin Vancomycin | Cell wall synthesis |
| Tetracycline, Gentamicin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol | protein synthesis |
| Ciprofloxacin | nucleic acid synthesis |
| Sulfonamide and Trimethorprim | cellular metabolism |
| polymoxins | cytoplasmic membrane |
| antibodies | immunoglobulin proteins whch cirulate in blood and lymph fluid produced by the body for protection against microorganisms |
| bactericidal | agent that kills bacteria |
| bacteriostatic | static effect on bacteria, inhibits growth until removed will then resume growth |
| antimicrobial resistance | ability of microbes to overcome harmful effects of antimicrobial agents |
| antimicrobial susceptibility | microbes are unable to overcome the harmful effects of antimicrobial agents and are killed |
| antimicrobial agent | any agent which functions to kill or inhibit microbial growth includes sythetic drugs as well as antibiotics |
| antibiotics | antimicrobial drugs naturally produced by microorganisms |
| chemotherapy | the treatment fo disease by use of chemicals |
| minimum inhibitory concentration | the lowest concentration of a specific drug that prevents the growth |
| in vitro | outside the body |
| in vivo | inside the body |
Created by:
netangel29
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