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GA2-Heart/Mediast.
Heart and mediastinum
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Portion of the cardiac conduction system innervated by sympathetics from the left. | AV Node |
| The SA node is located in the right atrial wall between the auricle and the SVC at the upper end of the ___? | Crista terminalis |
| Vein that accompanies right coronary a. around to the posterior surface of the heart. | Small cardiac vein |
| Specific chamber of the heart which lies against the esophagus. | Left atrium |
| Name the papillary muscles of the right ventricle. | Anterior, posterior, septal |
| Left ventricle of the heart is responsible for this type of circulation. | Systemic |
| Valve that guards the exit of the right ventricle. | Pulmonary |
| Give the composition of the parietal pericardium. | Fibrous outer layer and serous inner layer |
| Upper smooth area of the right ventricle ventricle that guides blood to a great artery. | Conus arteriosus |
| Muscles lining auricles only | Pectinate muscles |
| Structure that transmits the right crus of the AV bundle across the right ventricular cavity. | Septomarginal trabeculae (moderator band) |
| Part of the conduction system known as the "pacemaker". | SA node |
| Name given to the entire posterior surface of the heart | Base |
| Smallest sized vessels, drain directly into the right atrium and other chambers. | Venarum minimarum (thebesian veins) |
| Most posteriorly located chamber of the heart. | Left atrium |
| Besides the IVC and SVC, name two tributaries of the right atrium. | Coronary sinus, venarum minimarum, anterior cardiac veins |
| The apex of the heart points: (ant/post, sup/inf, left/right) | anterior inferior left |
| Upper smooth area of the left ventricle that guides blood to a great artery. | Aortic vestibule |
| When comparing the thickness of the right ventricle to the left, one can say the Right Ventricle is... | 1/3rd as thick as the left ventricle |
| Ridge-like mm located in the ventricles. | Trabeculae carnae (log jam) |
| Companion vessel of the anterior interventricular a. | Great cardiac v. |
| Another name for the mitral valve | Bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular, left AV) |
| Physiologically, how does blood enter the coronary arteries? | Recoil of the aorta |
| The AV node is located in the ____ septum near the ostium of the _____. | Interatrial, coronary sinus |
| Name the cusps/valvules of the pulmonary(semilunar) valve. | Right, left, anterior |
| Extends from SVC to IVC, divides right atrium into two parts. | Crista terminalis |
| Specific name given to area where the coronary arteries begin. | Aortic sinus |
| Portion of the cardiac conduction system located in the wall of the right atrium near the SVC. | SA node |
| Portion of the cardiac conduction system innervated by the left vagus nerve. | AV node |
| Name given to the right AV valve. | Tricuspid valve |
| Vessel which accompanies the posterior interventricular vessel of the heart. | Middle cardiac vein |
| Name given to the nipple-like muscles of the ventricles. | Papillary muscles |
| Name the cusps of the left AV valve. | Anterior, posterior |
| Name given to the string-like structures that attach to the cusps of the AV valves - prevent eversion of cusps into the atria. | Chordae tendineae |
| Right ventricle is responsible for this type of circulation. | Pulmonary |
| Structurally define the upper border of the superior mediastinum. | Plane of the first rib |
| Structurally define the lateral border of the superior mediastinum. | Pleural sacs |
| Structurally define the posterior border of the superior mediastinum. | Vertebral column |
| Structurally define the lower border of the superior mediastinum. | Diaphragm |
| During their course the phrenic nn. pass inferiorly ______ (ant/post) to the roots of the lungs and onto the surface of the _______ before entering the diaphragm. | Anterior, pericardial sac |
| The right pulmonary a. runs ____ (ant/post) to the _____ aorta. | Posterior, ascending |
| Specific artery that supplies the upper surface of the respiratory diaphragm. | Superior phrenic a. |
| Using anatomical landmarks define the lower border of the superior mediastinum. | Horizontal line through the angle of the sternum, passing through T4-T5 disk. |
| Vein that drains the upper 2nd, 3rd, and 4th intercostal spaces. | Highest intercostal |
| Besides the right ascending lumbar v., a branch of the IVC, and the right posterior intercostal vv., name 4 tributaries that normally drain into the azygos vein. | Right highest intercostal, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos, right bronchial |
| The left pulmonary artery runs ____ (ant/post) to the _____ part of the aorta. | Anterior, descending |
| As the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the arch of the aorta, it lies immediately to the left of the ____. | Arteriosus ligament |
| From proximal to distal, the second branch of the arch of the aorta. | Left common carotid artery |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) are the insertion of pulmonary veins into the heart? | Middle |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) are the left and right brachiocephalic veins? | Superior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) are the left and right bronchi? | Posterior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is the esophagus? | Posterior, superior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) are the distal part of phrenic nerves? | Middle |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is most of the azygos vein? | Posterior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is most of the thymus? | Superior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is the tracheal bifurcation? | Posterior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is the hemiazygos v.? | Posterior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is the ascending aorta? | Middle |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is the thoracic splanchnic n.? | Posterior |
| In which specific mediastinae(um) is the inferior half of the SVC? | Middle |
| Name the tributaries of the hemiazygos vein not including ascending lumbar branch of left renal vein. | Left subcostal, caudal 3-4 left posterior intercostal, esophageal v, mediastinal vv. |
| The ligamentum arteriosum connects what two vessels? | Left pulmonary artery and aortic arch |
| Name the tributary to the left brachiocephalic v. whose right counterpart is NOT a tributary to the right brachiocephalic v. | Left highest posterior intercostal |
| During its course the pulmonary trunk passes first ____ (ant/post/left/right) to(of) the ascending aorta, then immediately (ant/post/left/right) to/of it. | Anterior, left |
| The azygos vein runs superiorly, then arches over the _____ to empty into the ____. | Root of the right lung, SVC |
| Besides the posterior intercostals, name the parietal branches of the descending thoracic aorta. | Subcostal a., superior phrenic a., posterior intercostal aa. |
| Which pulmonary artery is the longest and largest? | Right |
| Which pulmonary artery runs posterior to the ascending aorta? | Right |
| The specific vessel which normally directly drains 5,6,7, and 8 left posterior intercostal veins. | Accessory hemiazygos |
| There are weak anastomoses between what names arteries on the surface of the heart. | anterior and posterior interventricular aa. |
| Name three grooves seen on the external heart. | Coronary sulcus, anterior interventricular sulcus, posterior interventricular sulcus. |
| Raised upper margin of the fossa ovalis. | Limbus of fossa ovalis |
Created by:
sdschwartz
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