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Chapter*1
CMT-Body as a Whole
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transport of substances into or out of a cell using energy | Active Transport |
| What is the name of the compound that stores energy | Adenosine triphosphate |
| What is the chemical process in the body that joins simple compounds to form more complex compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids called? | Anabolism |
| What is the study of the structures of the body and the relationship of its parts called? | Anatomy |
| The part of epithelial cells exposed to the atmosphere or a passageway in the body is called what surface? | Apical |
| A decrease in the size of a body part or organ caused by a decrease in the size of the cells is called: | atrophy. |
| The part of the tissue that faces the inside of the body is called what type of surface? | Basal |
| Sugars, starches, and cellulose composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are categorized as: | Carbohydrates |
| Contraction to pump blood within the heart is performed by what type of fibers? | Cardiac muscle |
| What chemical process in the body releases energy as complex compounds are broken down into simpler ones? | Catabolism |
| The basic structural unit of a living organism that contains a nucleus and cytoplasm and is surrounded by a membrane is the: | cell. |
| A protein substance composed of small fibrils that combine to create the connective tissue of fasciae, tendons, and ligaments is: | collagen |
| Which of the following can withstand the most tension force because it has a high degree of tensile strength? | Collagen |
| Supporting and holding together the body and its parts, protecting the body from foreign matter, and transporting substances throughout the body describes what type of tissue? | Connective |
| The fluid that surrounds the nucleus or organelles inside the cell membrane is known as: | cytosol |
| What is the material enclosed by the cell membrane called? | cytoplasm |
| What is the framework of proteins inside the cell that provides flexibility and strength? | cytoskeleton |
| The movement of ions and molecules from an area of higher concentration to that of lower concentration is called: | passive transport |
| What type of fiber returns to its original length after being stretched? | Elastin |
| The process of bringing particles inside the cell by engulfing them and forming vesicles is called: | endocytosis. |
| What is the term for the capacity to work? | Energy |
| Covering and protecting the surface of the body and its parts, lining body cavities, and forming glands describes what type of tissue? | Epithelial |
| What is the movement of substances out of a cell called? | Exocytosis |
| The study of body structures visible to the naked eye is what type of anatomy? | Gross |
| What is the term for the relatively constant state of the internal environment of the body that is maintained by adaptive responses? | Homeostasis |
| An increase in the size of a cell that results in an increase in the size of a body part or organ is called: | hypertrophy. |
| Fats and oils are also known as: | Lipids |
| What is the thin sheetlike layer of tissue that covers a cell, an organ, or some other structure; lines a tube or cavity; or divides or separates one part from another? | Membrane |
| The chemical processes in the body that convert food and oxygen into energy to support growth, distribution of nutrients, and elimination of waste are known as: | metabolism. |
| What are the small projections of the cell membrane that increase the surface area of the cell called? | Microvilli |
| The type of cell division in which the cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells is called: | Mitosis |
| What is the type of cell division in which each daughter cell receives half the normal number of chromosomes, forming two reproductive cells? | Meiosis |
| What are the basic cellular components that perform specific functions within the cell called? | Organelles |
| Substances that have carbon and hydrogen as part of their basic structure are called: | organic compounds. |
| The term for diffusion of water in a solution from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration across the semipermeable membrane of a cell is called: | Osmosis |
| The study of the processes and functions of the body involved in supporting life is known as: | physiology |
| What are substances formed from amino acids called? | proteins |
| The study of the structures of a particular area of the body is what type of anatomy? | regional |
| The study of internal organs and structures as they can be recognized and related to external features is what type of anatomy? | Surface |
| The study of the structure of a particular body system is what type of anatomy? | Systemic |
| The field of anatomy includes which of types of subdivisions? | Developmental, gross, regional, systemic, and surface |
| The study of physiology can be divided into what three approaches? | Organizational, pathophysiology, and systemic |
| What is the movement of ions and molecules from an area of higher concentration to that of a lower concentration called? | Diffusion |
| What is a group of similar cells combined to perform a common function called? | Tissue |
| What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body? | Connective |
| A feature of the piezoelectric property of collagen is that it: | explains the deforming of the structure due to electric current. |
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CMT-E-2
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