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Government 2302
Final Exam Chapters 17-19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the difference btwn private and public policy? | Private-Nongovernmental policies adopted by individuals/groups in order to promote individual/group interests Public- Government plan of action to solve a problem that ppl share collectively or that they cannot solve on their own |
| Explain all the difficulties in solving public problems. | Competing ideas about wat constitutes a problem Solutions are expensive Solutions generate new problems Solutions are complex |
| What are the different types of public policies with examples? | Redistributive Policy- Medicaid Distributive Policy- Homeowner's tax deductions Regulatory Policy- Environmental policy |
| What is social welfare and social insurance? | Social Welfare Policy- Pub policies meant to meet basic needs of ppl who cannot provide for themselves Social Insurance- Offers benefits in exchange for contributions made by citizens to offset future economic needs |
| What are examples of welfare programs? | AFDC, Welfare, TANF, Food assistance, Head Start |
| What are solutions for U.S. natural gas/oil dependency as well as a proposed environmental solution? | Increase the gas tax, Alternative sources of energy, Drilling for domestic sources of oil |
| What are GDP, Depression, Inflation, Hyperinflation, and a Recession? | GDP- Gross Domestic Product Depression- sharp reduction in Nation's GDP+high unemployment Inflation- Increase in the price of goods and services Hyperinflation- Extremely rapid inflation Recession- Decline in GDP for two consecutive quarters |
| What are both Fiscal and Monetary Policy? | Fiscal- Govt regulates economy thru its powers to tax & spend (Determined by Congress and President thru budget process) Monetary- Govt regulates economy by manipulating interest rates (Determined by Federal Reserve Board) |
| What are the different types of taxes? | Progessive Tax Regressive Tax |
| What are the proposed tax reforms? | Flat Tax:all ppl pay same % of their income Consumption Tax: ppl are taxed no on what they earn but, what they spend Value-added Tax(VAT): consumption tax levied at each stage of production, based on value added to the product at that stage |
| What are the diff. labor policies? | Fair Labor Standards Act Norris-La Guardia Act Wagner Act Taft-Hartley Act |
| Know Free Trade vs. Protectionism. | Free Trade: Encourages open border trading, Primary U.S. policy today, Supported by many Protectionism: Imposing trade barries to make trade more favorable to domestic companies, Primary U.S. trade policy till 1930s, supported by labor & environmentalist |
| What is a trade deficit and what does that mean to the U.S.? | The amount by which the cost of a country's imports exceeds the value of its exports, bad for U.S. because lowers countries good values and hurts economy |
| What are the differences btwn IGOs, NGOs, MNCs, and Nonstate Actors? | IGO- the UN, members are countries NGO- Individuals or interest grps from around the world focused on specific issue MNC- Large companies that do business in other countries Nonstate actors- (Terrorist grps) |
| What is the Cold War? | War btwn USA & USSR, 1947-1989 Competition but, no direct hot war Iron curtain divided countries Proxy wars in Middle East, Latin America, Asia, and Africa |
| What is containment? | a policy of creating strategic alliances in order to check the expansion of a hostile power or ideology or to force it to negotiate peacefully |
| What day did the Fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union occur? | Berlin Wall- 1989 Soviet Union- 1991 |
| What are the diff. btwn Crisis, Strategic, and Structural Defense (Foreign) Policies? | Crisis- made quickly and secretly, responds to emergency threat Strategic- Lays out a country's basic stance toward international actors or problems Structural Defense- Deals w/ defense spending, military bases, and weapons |
| What are compellence, deterrence, carrots & sticks? | Compellence- Using threats to make opponent do something u think they would not do Deterence- Using threats to prevent opponent from doing something they would do Carrots&Sticks: Used as inducements/rewards and as threats/punishment |
| What are preventive war and preemptive war? | Preventive: Use force now to prevent chain of events from unfolding imminent threat Preemptive War: Use force first when a threat is imminent |
| What is international terrorism? | -Violence that targets noncombatants to induce fear that leads to policy change -Used by states against citizens -Used by nonstate actors against others, sometimes w/ support of country -Terrorism as theater |
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