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Mr.Temple EOC Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. In the northern colonies, what was the major industry? | Shipbuilding |
| 2. What compromise dealt with the counting of enslaved people into a states population? | Three-Fifths Compromise |
| 3. What compromise dealt with the creation of a two house legislature? | Great Compromise |
| 4. What document allowed for Direct Democracy in the colonies? | Mayflower Compact |
| 5. What was the first elected representative assembly in the colonies? | The Virginia House of Burgesses |
| 6. During what phase of a criminal or civil trial is it most common to propose a compromise or plea bargain? | Discovery |
| 7. The most adversarial part of a trial is what phase? | Direct and Cross Examination |
| 8. Which constitutional guarantee was cited in the Supreme Court's decision in Brown vs. Board, Topeka, Kansas(1974)? | Amendment 14 |
| 9. What issue and amendment did the United States Supreme Court deal with in the case of Miranda vs. Arizona? | The right to be informed of rights, 5th amendment |
| 10. According to the Supreme Court's decision on Hazelwood School District vs. Kuhlmeier(1988), who has the jurisdiction to regulate student newspaper? | School Administrators(can regulate contents for academic purpose) |
| 11. What is the best definition of what causes economic scarcity to occur? | Not enough resources to produce everything people want |
| 12. In the Supreme Court case of Mapp vs. Ohio, the court decided that evidence seized illegally is not admissible in trail. What amendment was used to decide this case? | Amendment 4 |
| 13. The Supreme Court case of Mapp v. Ohio established what principal for evidence seized illegally? | Exclusionary Rule |
| 14. What business practice is most likely to result in higher-quality prducts and increased profits? | Investment in human capital |
| 15. What is the only crime defined int he Constitution? | Treason |
| 16. If an employer hires someone to do a specific task, which economic tactic is bein used? | Specialization |
| 17. In a market economy, consumers are the sole decider of goods and services. waht type of economy would government be the sole decider of goods and services? | A command economy |
| 18. What does Gross Domestic Product measure? | The value of final goods and services produced in a country each year(annually) |
| 19. How does the North Carolina Constituion set up state government? | Three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial |
| 20. When were women in North Carolina granted the righ to vote? | After the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified |
| 21. The North Carolina Supreme Court case of Leandro v. State of North Carolina says that funding for school districts under the NC constitution? | The state constitution does not require equal funding of education |
| 22. Which Supreme Court case established the supremacy of the North Carolina Constitution over charters? | State v. Mann |
| 23. The nation in which the United states trades the most goods and services with is? | Canada |
| 24. What function do the United States Congress and North Carolina General Assembly have in common? | They both pass laws(legislative branch) |
| 25. Which enlightenment philosopher believed all men were entitled to life, liberty, and property and influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence? | John Locke |
| 26. What issue caused the colonists to declare independe from Great Britain? | Tax policy and no representation in Parliament |
| 27. Colonial leaders orginally met at the Constutional Convention to do? | Revise the Articles of Confederation |
| 28. The enlightenment philosopher who proposed the three branches of government with speration of powers was? | Montesquieu |
| 29. The North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA) eliminates tariffs on goods and services between which countries? | United Sates, Mexico, and Canada |
| 30. In a town with no police department, who would the most likely respond to a domestic affairs complaint? | County Sheriff |
| 31. The President, Governor, and Sheriff cary out which function in our government? | Enforce Laws(Exective Branch) |
| 32. The earliest known written code of law was? | Hammurabi's Code |
| 33. From what source do local governments get most of their revenue? | Property Tax |
| 34. During a recession, what can government do to help get the economy moving again? | Cut taxes and increase government spending |
| 35. In order to control inflation, what sould the Federal Reserve do? | Raise interest rates on money loaned to banks |
| 36. In order to control inflation, what can government do to get money out of circulation? | Raise taxes |
| 37. Waht Supreme Court case established the principal of Judicial Review? | Marbury v. Madison |
| 38. When Congress and the N.C. General Assembly introduce spending bills, those bills are called? | Appropriations Bills |
| 39. When a person votes for candidates who are members of one party, that person is said to be voting? | A strait ticket |
| 40. In the Supreme Court case of Swann v. Charlotte-Meclenbug schools, the court said that? | Bussing was a legal means of integrating schools |
| 41. Which Supreme Court case established the Supremacy of the United States Constitution? | MuCulloch v. Maryland |
| 42. The first battles of the American Revolution were held at? | Lexington and Concord |
| 43. The Supreme Court case of Tinker v. Des Moines dealt with which issues? | Student protesting Vietnam War by wearing an armband, First Amendment |
| 44. Which group of people wanted the Bill of Rights added to the Constitution? | Anti-Federalists |
| 45. What is the major affect of price ceiling laws(ex. Rent Control) passed by the government? | A shortage in the quantity of the good |
| 46. What is the largest motivating factor in the free enterprise, market economic system? | Profit motive |
| 47. How do tariffs protect domestic industry? | They shield industry from foreign competition by raising the price of the foreign good |
| 48. How do changes in interest rates affect the supply of money? | Higher interest rates take money out of circulation, while lower interest rates put money into circulation. People are more likely to borrow money with lower interest rates. |
| 49. What does the law of comparative advantage say about a nation's economy? | A nation should produce goods they can make cheaply and trade them with other countries. |
| 50. What is the percentage paid back to banks/institutions on borrowed money called? | Interest |
| 51. What fraction of Congress must vote to override a Presidential veto? | 2/3 vote of both Houses of Congress |
| 52. When the political parties monitor each others activites to ensure laws are being followed, they are performing which function? | Watchdog |
| 53. What do all males over the age of 18 have to register for in the United States? | The Selective Service |
| 54. A nation in which every aspect of life is controlled by the government is a? | Totalitarian Government |
| 55. The amount of income a household has after paying taxes is called? | Disposable Income |
| 56. A general rise in the prices for most goods and services is called? | Inflation |
| 57. When the government imposes price floors(ex. Minimum Wage) what is the result of the policy? | A surplus in the item |
| 58. To stop monopolies from gaingin control of a market for a good, what laws can the government pass? | Anti-Trust Laws |
| 59. Which agency was established as a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States? | The Department of Homeland Security |
| 60. A business hires workers outside the United States to perform tasks once done inside our nation, what is this activity called? | Out-Sourcing(ex. Dell hires workers in India to answer questions about computers) |
| 61. Where would a potential business owner look to find information about an area if they were considering beginning a new store? | U.S. Census Data |
| 62. A member of Congress represents? | Constituents who hold the Congresspersons and Senators accountable by voting in elections. |
| 63. A society where NO government exists to enforce laws is called? | Anarchy |
| 64. When political parties monitor each others activites they are carrying out which function? | Watchdog |
| 65. If the House of Representatives and Senate have a conflict over a bill, who determines the outcome? | Conference Committee with members from both houses |
| 66. Who selects the speaker of the House of Representives? | Members of the majority party |
| 67. How does the North Carolina state government establish municipalities(cities)? | The General Assembly/state legislature approves local charters |
| 68. What is the biggest advantage of corporation? | Limited liability for stockholders, less individual liability |
| 69. If a corporation wants to increase its revenue what can it do? | Sell stock to the public |
| 70. How did women gain suffrage in the United States? | 19th Amendment |
| 71. What is a main problem in the criminal justice system? | Overcrowding of prisons |
| 72. Which Supreme Court case said racial quotas are unconstitutional, but said affirmative action is constitutional? | Regents of California Berkley v. Bakke, 14th Amendment |
| 73. A Congressional seat is drawn to give Democrats an advantage over Republics, this district is an example of a? | Gerrymander |
| 74. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers? | Argue for a strong central government and ratification(passage) of the Constitution |
| 75. Who is the most famous Federalist? | Alexander Hamilton |
| 76. Who is the most famous Anti-federalist? | Thomas Jefferson |
| 77. How can a candidate learn voters concerns? | Go canvassing in a neighborhood |
| 78. What is the most significant historical souce of US law? | English Common Law |
| 79. City Councils, School Boards, and County Commissions have what in common? | No executive because they are legilative branches at the local level |
| 80. Who regulates television and radio programs in the US? | FCC/Federal Communications Commissions |
| 81. NASA, the Federal Reserve, the Federal Trade Commission are examples of what type of agencies? | Independent Pegulatory Agencies |
| 82. What right is extended to all people by the NC Constituiton that is not found in the US Constitution? | Right to public education |
| 83. If Gross Domestic Product declines for two or more quarters, what is this called? | A recession |
| 84. What is meant in the Declaration of Independence by unalienable rights? | Rights given to people from a higher power that can not be taken away by government |
| 85. If Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court ruled? | Defendants are entitled to a lawyer even if they can not afford one, 6th Amendment |
| 86. What is the purpose of a protective tariff? | To allow domestic industry the chance to grow |
| 87. The group of people charged with protecting the President? | Secret Service |
| 88. What conditions would signal there may be a recession happening? | Less consumer spending, business failures, bankuptcies |
| 89. If government wants to bring industry to a city, what should they give as an incentive? | Tax breaks |
| 90. If business wants to increase worker productivity, what should they do? | Train and educate their workers |
| 91. What issue was resolved regarding the Presidency in the Supreme Court Case US vs. Nixon? | Rule of law |
| 92. McCulloch v. Maryland dealt with what constitutional issues? | Implied powers, Necessary and Proper Clause |
| 93. Ordinances are enforced by which exeecutive? | City Mayors |
| 94. How do local shcool districts get money to build new schools? | Sell bonds to people |
| 95. Waht fraction of Congress is needed to propose a constitutional amendment? | 2/3 vote of Congress |
| 96. Waht fraction of states must vote to ratify a constitutional amendment? | 3/4 of state legislatures |
| 97. Federalists would argue that? | A strong central government is needed to protect economic growth |
| 98. What allows members of Congress to send free mail to their constituents? | Franking Privilege |
| 99. In a divorce case or child custody matter, what is a logical way to avoid a trial and find a settlement? | Hire a mediator |
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