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Ch. 16-Respiratory
Respiratory System Study Stack-Ch. 16
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the name of the gaseous waste in the respiratory system? | Carbon Dioxide |
| What is the main muscle utlized for breathing? | Diaphragm |
| The process of gas exchange where oxygen is added to the blood and carbon dioxide is removed. | Respiration |
| The air-filled cavities that connect with the nasal cavity via small passageways. | Sinuses |
| Identify the structure also known as the voice box which is a semi-rigid structure composed of cartilage that is connected by muscles and ligaments. | Larynx |
| The persistent inflammation of the bronchi over a long period of time. | Chronic Bronchitis |
| The general term used to describe a lung disease in which the airways become obstructed. | COPD |
| The collection of air in the pleural space. | Pneumothorax |
| An accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. | Pleural effusion |
| A condition whereby fluid accumulates in the lungs | pulmonary edema |
| The air flow into and out of the lungs. | Ventilation |
| Identify the main organs of the respiratory system. | Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, & lungs. |
| What are five of the functions of the respiratory system? | gas exchange, regulation of blood pH, voice production, olfaction, and protection |
| What are the functions of the nasal cavity? | passageway for air, cleans the air, humidifies and warms air, smell |
| Nerve that activates the diapragm during inspiration | Phrenic Nerve |
| Pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax | parietal pleura |
| Site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood | Alveolus |
| opening between the vocal folds | glottis |
| passageway for air to the bronchi (also called the windpipe) | trachea |
| flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing | epiglottis |
| two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. | lungs |
| muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. it aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out | diaphragm |
| A substance that reduces surface tension of the fluids thast line the alveoli. Prevents the collapse of alveoli and eases lung expansion. | surfactant |
| movement from high to low concentration of a gas | diffusion |
| What areas of the brain are involved in the control of breathing? | medulla oblongata and pons |
| How does the vocal cords work? | air vibrations |
| Explain the changes in the thorax during inhalation. | diaphragm contracts, compresses abdominal organs, thorasic cavity enlarges, intercostals lift ribs and sternum |
| Explain the changes in the thorax during exhalation | relaxation of diaphragm, abdominal organs push on diaphragm, thorasic cavity returns to normal |
| What are hiccups? | diaphragm muscle spasms |
| Why do we yawn? | Due to low oxygen level in the alveoli to stretch them to their full capacity. |
| How does excess carbon dioxide in the blood effect the breathing rate? | chemoreceptor detect high amounts of carbon dioxide which increases rate and depth of breathing. |
| Compare and Contrast the amounts of carbon dioxide and oxygen carried in the arteries. | 104mmHg for Oxygen, Carbon dioxide is 40mmHg |
| A lack of oxygen in the blood which can be local or systemic | hypoxia |
| A tracheal or bronchial inflammation with swollen tissues, mucous plugs, and bronchial constriction associated with allergic reaction | asthma |
| Condition characterized by a bluish coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of deoxygenated blood in blood vessels of the skin | cyanosis |
| Condition that causes an inflammation of the upper airways — the voice box (larynx) and windpipe (trachea). It often leads to a barking cough or hoarseness, especially when a child cries | croup |
| What are the functions of the sinuses? | skull lighter, resonate voice |
| What factor controls the pitch of your voice? | tension on vocal cords |
| What factor controls volume of your voice? | amount of air vibrating over larynx |
| Compare and Contrast pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary. | Pulmonary vein takes oxygenated blood to the heart, pulmonary artery takes deoxygenated blood from the heart, pulmonary capillaries are the site for gas exchange between the lungs and blood. |
| What is the normal respiration rate of an adult? | 12-20 breaths per minute |
| What is the purpose of the C-shaped rings of tough, rubbery, cartilage that are in your trachea? | Reinforce for protection and maintain airway |
| What is left after deep exhalation | Residual Volume |
| Maximum amount of air that can be forced out after a deep breath | vital capacity |
| Amount of air during normal breathing | tidal volume |
| Total amount of air after a deep inhalation | total lung capacity |
Created by:
ebickley