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SpinalReflexes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What information does the muscle spindle device send back to the spinal cord? | info about muscle stretch |
| What type of nerve fibers relay muscle spindle information? | Type Ia and II, myelinated fast-conducting |
| What information does the Golgi tendon organ (GTO) send back to the spinal cord? | info about muscle force |
| What type of nerve fibers relay GTO information? | Ib large myelinated fibers |
| List the efferents for the muscle spindle device and GTO. | spindle - gamma motoneurons GTO - none |
| Explain the afferent activity of muscle spindles during 1) passive stretch, 2)experimental (artificially induced)contraction and 3) volitional contraction. | 1) passive - increased firing rate 2) exp. contraction - decreased firing rate 3) voluntary contraction - increased firing rate via coactivation of gamma motoneurons |
| Define the term gain. | the sensitivity of sensory feedback |
| To avoid loss of gain from muscle spindles during volitional contraction, what phenomenon takes place? | alpha-gamma co-activation |
| What is the myotactic reflex? | DTR |
| Explain the tri-neuronal, disynaptic reflex that occurs when the patellar tendon is struck by a reflex hammer. | reflex hammer activates Ia and II muscle spindle afferents, synapse on motoneurons of agonists/synergists directly AND on Ia inhibitory interneurons that stop antagonist muscles from firing |
| What does the H-reflex quantitatively measure? | amplitude and latency of myotactic reflex |
| Explain the series of events that occur during supra-maximal force exertion of the biceps muscles, for example. | GTO sends Ib afferents to spinal cord, inhibitory Ib interneurons are activated, agonists are inhibited and antagonists are activated. supraspinal input is also a factor |
| What is the function of Renshaw cells? | After a delay, they synapse on antagonist muscles to activate them and inhibit agonist motoneuron pools - negative feedback control |
| What is the name of the negative feedback control that is possible due to collateral branches from motoneurons that turn back to synapse on Renshaw cells in the ventral horn? | recurrent inhibition |
| Describe the cutaneous reflex that should be carried out if a person steps on a nail. | cutaneous receptors send afferents to spinal cord through several interneurons to activate flexors/inhibit extensors on the same leg and inhibit flexors and activate extensors on the opposite leg |
| What is the NT used by inhibitory interneurons? | glycine |
| What structure is made of intra-spinal connections to allow for things like arm swing and stepping? | fasciculus proprius |
| What types of substances/signals can influence interneuronal populations responsible for locomotion? | several classes of drugs and NTs, supraspinal control |
| Which neurons are necessary to initiate stepping forward to walk? | rhythm generator neurons |
| What is the purpose of the commissural interneurons? | work to keep both sides in phase when walking |
| Which neurons modulate or change the pattern of locomotion most exclusively? | patterning network interneurons |
| How were the central pattern generator neurons (CPG) affected in the experiments with cats who had high spinal cord injuries? | Minimally, they were still able to interpret sensory data and generate a rhythmical stepping motion |
Created by:
sirprakes
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