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Cognitive Neurosci
CNS 3rd Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two kinds of knowledge | Hard wired and learned |
| Time scale of storage | Sensory, short-term and long-term |
| Types of memory | Declarative/Non-declarative (Procedural) Implicit/explicit |
| Stages of memory | o Encoding o Storage-consolation o Retrieval |
| Sensory memory | Visual (Iconic) Auditory (Echoic) |
| Evidence for sensory memory | Full/partial report |
| Anterograde amnesia | Can’t create new LTM |
| Retrograde amnesia | loss of ability retrieve old memories |
| Procedural memory | knowledge of processes (motor, perceptual or cognitive) |
| Declarative--episodic | knowledge of specific personal experiences, their content, time place (episodes) |
| Declarative--semantic | world, word knowledge |
| Implicit memory | Knowledge that can be retrieved without conscious recollection (Procedural) |
| Explicit memory | knowledge that can be retrieved only with conscious recollection (Declarative) |
| Priming | The improvement in identifying/processing a stimulus as a result of previously processing it Evidence of learning |
| Encoding | Processing incoming info for storage |
| Consolidation/storage | Creating a lasting record |
| Retrieval | Recovering stored info |
| What does encoding involve? | Feature binding and pattern separation |
| What can lead to false memories? | Failure in encoding (feature binding and pattern separation are needed) Failure in retrieval (Pattern completion and evaluation are needed) |
| Where does sensory memory take place? | Sensory areas in the neocortex |
| Where does working memory take place? | Inferior parietal lobe (Supramarginal gyrus) Prefrontal cortex |
| Where does long term memory consolidation take place? | Medial temporal lobe: limbic structures |
| What is the medial temporal lobe NOT required for? | Working memory Procedural memory Ultimate storage of LTM |
| What is the ultimate storage site of long term memories? | Neo-cortical sites |
| What is frontal lobe memory impairment associated with? | High false recognition rates |
| What is the "subsequent memory paradigm"? | Locations where there is activity at encoding leads to better subsequent recollection |
| What are some examples of executive functions? | Working memory Planning Monitoring progress of goals Task switching |
| What are executive functions needed for? | Encoding Retrieval |
| Role of the MTL and diencephalon | Creating and consolidating declarative memories |
| Role of the Neocortex | Creating new procedural memories Implicit memory retrieval Eventual storage site of LTM Priming |
| Role of Frontal lobes | Encoding and retrieval Working memory |
| How is the pattern of memory loss in progressive brain disease sufferers determined? | By which brain areas are affected/where the disease starts |
| What are the two learning systems? | Neocortex and hippocampus |
| How does the neocortex learn? | Slowly, by making small adjustments to connections among neurons, allowing integration into complex knowledge structures |
| How does the hippocampus learn? | Quickly, rapidly and during consolidation "teaches" the neocortex until connection changes are robust |
| How do explicit and implicit recall fit into the two learning systems? | Declarative information is processed by the hippocampus, which alters connections (consolidation) in the neocortex. Procedural info/priming is processed in the neocortex. |
Created by:
cszabolong
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