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LOM terms Chap2
Terms to practice spelling and learn meaning
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| anabolism | Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials. |
| catabolism | Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy. |
| cell membrane | Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell. |
| chromosomes | Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 ___ (23 pairs) in every cell except for egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired ___. |
| cytoplasm | All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane. |
| DNA | Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| genes | Regions of DNA within each chromosome. |
| karyotype | Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure. |
| metabolism | The total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism. |
| mitochondria | Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy. |
| nucleus | Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell. |
| adipose tissue | Collection of fat cells. |
| cartilage | Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. |
| epithelial cell | Skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surface of organs. |
| histologist | Specialist in the study of tissues. |
| larynx | Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea. |
| pharynx | Throat. The ___ is the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea). |
| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. |
| thyroid gland | Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck. |
| trachea | Windpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes). |
| ureter | One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder. Spelling clue: ___ has two e's and there are two of them. |
| urethra | Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. Spelling clue: ___ has one e and there is only one ___. |
| uterus | The womb. The organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops. |
| viscera | Internal organs. |
| abdominal cavity | Space between the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines. |
| cranial cavity | Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. |
| abdomen | The abdominal cavity is also called this. |
| cranial | Means pertaining to the skull. |
| diaphragm | Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. |
| dorsal (posterior) | Pertaining to the back. |
| mediastinum | Centrally located space between the lungs. |
| pelvic cavity | Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.Surrounded by the hip (__) bone. |
| pelvic | Means pertaining to the hip bone. |
| peritoneum | Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen. |
| pleura | A double-layered membrane surrounding each lung. |
| pleural cavity | Space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung. |
| spinal cavity | Space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord. |
| spinal canal | The spinal cavity is also called this. |
| thoracic cavity | Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs. |
| ventral (anterior) | Pertaining to the front. |
| viscus | Singular for viscera. |
| hypochondriac | Abdominopelvic regions: Upper right and left regions beneath the ribs. |
| epigastric | Abdominopelvic region: Upper middle region above the stomach. |
| lumbar | Abdominopelvic regions: Middle right and left regions near the waist. |
| umbilical | Abdominopelvic region: Central region near the naval. |
| inguinal | Abdominopelvic regions: Lower right and left regions near the groin. Also called the iliac regions. |
| hypogastric | Abdominopelvic region: Lower middle region below the umbilical region. |
| RUQ | Right upper abdominopelvic quadrant. |
| LUQ | Left upper abdominopelvic quadrant. |
| RLQ | Right lower abdominopelvic quadrant. |
| LLQ | Left lower abdominopelvic quadrant. |
| cervical | Division of the back (spinal column): Neck region (C1-C7) |
| thoracic | Division of the back (spinal column): Chest region (T1-T12). Each bone is joined to a rib. |
| lumbar | Division of the back (spinal column): Loin (waist) region (L1-L5) |
| sacral | Division of the back (spinal column): Region of the sacrum (S1-S5). |
| coccygeal | Division of the back (spinal column): Region of the coccyx (tailbone). |
| sacrum | Five bones fused to form one bone forming the sacral region of the spinal column. |
| coccyx | A small bone composed of four fused pieces (tailbone). |
| vertebra | A single backbone. |
| vertebrae | Backbones. |
| spinal column | Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity. |
| spinal cord | Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity. |
| disk (disc) | A pad of cartilage between vertebrae. |
| anterior (ventral) | Front side of the body. |
| deep | Away from the surface. |
| distal | Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure. |
| frontal (coronal) plane | Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions. |
| inferior (caudal) | Below another structure. |
| lateral | Pertaining to the side. |
| medial | Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body. |
| posterior (dorsal) | Back side of the body. |
| prone | Lying on the belly (face down, palm down). |
| proximal | Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure. |
| sagittal (lateral) plane | Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. |
| midsagittal plane | Vertical plane dividing the body into right and left halves. |
| superficial | On the surface. |
| superior (cephalic) | Above another structure. |
| supine | Lying on the back (face up, palm up). |
| transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane | Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions. |
Created by:
TracyR
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