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Planning Timeline 4
AICP 2011 Timeline of American Planning History 1960-1980
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kevin Lynch defines basic elements of city's "imageability" (paths, edges, nodes, etc.). | Image of the City 1960 |
| by Jane Jacobs, includes a critique of planning and planners. | The Death and Life of Great American Cities, 1961 |
| published by Richard Hedman and Fred Bair. a hilarious book of cartoons poking fun at the planning profession by two of our own | And On the Eighth Day 1961 |
| becomes first state to institute statewide zoning | Hawai'i 1961 |
| represents the states of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. created to foster joint management of the river's water resources. | Delaware River Basin Commission 1961 |
| The urban growth simulation model emerges | Penn-Jersey Transportation Study. 1962 |
| seminal article in AIP Journal by Paul Davidoff and Thomas Reiner, lays basis for advocacy planning concept | A Choice Theory of Planning," 1962 |
| By rachel carson. published and wakes the nation to the deleterious effects of pesticides on animal, plant and human life. | Silent Spring 1962 |
| established by the fairfax county board of supervisors, clearing the way for the creation of Reston, a full-scale, self-contained New Town 18 miles from Washington, D.C. | Virginia's first residential planned community zone, 1962 |
| a new town situated about halfway between Washington and Baltimore, featuring some class integration and the neighborhood principle | Columbia, Maryland 1963 |
| published by t.j. kent | The Urban General Plan 1964 |
| outlaws discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accommodation | Civil Rights Act 1964 |
| by Martin Anderson; indicts then-current urban renewal program as counterproductive to its professed aims of increased low- and middleincome housing supply. contributes to a change in urban policy | The Federal Bulldozer 1964 |
| a study of the consequences for community life in a Boston West End Italian-American community, contributes to a change in urban policy | Herbert Gans's The Urban Villagers (1962) |
| In a commencement speech at the Univ of Michigan, Pres Lyndon Johnson declares war on poverty and urges congressional authorization of many remedial programs, plus the establishment of a cabinet-level Department of Housing and Community Development. | Johnson's War on Poverty 1964 |
| convened on May 24 and 25, owing much to the interest and advocacy of the First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson. | White House Conference on Natural Beauty in America 1965 |
| the Housing and Home Finance Agency is succeeded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Robert Weaver becomes HUD's first Secretary and nation's first African-American cabinet member | Housing and urban policy achieve cabinet status 1965 |
| Passed by congress authorizing Federal- Multistate river basin commissions | Water Resources Management Act 1965 |
| Passed by congress, This act establishes the Economic Development Administration to extend coordinated, multifaceted aid to lagging regions and foster their redevelopment | Public Work and Economic Development Act 1965 |
| establishes a region comprising all of West Virginia and parts of 12 other states, plus a planning commission with the power to frame plans and allocate resources | The Appalachian Regional Planning Act 1965 |
| Published by John Reps, the first comprehensive history of American urban planning beginning with colonial times | The Making of Urban America 1965 |
| launched the "model cities" program, an interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty. A centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" program. | The Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act 1966 |
| a seminal historic preservation book, is published | With Heritage So Rich,1966 |
| Establishes the Nat Register of His Places & provides, through Sec 106,the prot of pres-worthy sites & properties threatened by fed activities.also creates the nat Advisory Council on Hist Pres & directs each state to appoint a State Hist Pres Officer | National Historic Preservation Act passed. 1966 |
| provides protection to parkland, wildlife refuges, & other pres-worthy resources in building natnl roads. Unlike parkland and wildlife refuges, however, privately owned historic sites as well as those in public ownership are protected by Section 4(f). | Section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act 1966 |
| Celebratory conference in Washington, D.C. Many of the earliest practitioners and founders of the profession attend together with eminent leaders of other professions. | The planning profession reaches its 50th anniversary. 1967 |
| drops the final phrase in the 1938 AIP declaration of purpose which tied it to the comp arrangement & regulation of land use. The effect is to broaden the scope and membership of the profession by including "social planners" and "physical planners." | "(Louis B.) Wetmore Amendment" 1967 |
| the Office of Management and Budget issues Circular A-95 requiring state and substate regional clearinghouses to review and comment on federally assisted projects to facilitate coordination among the three levels of government. | Intergovernmental Relations Act of 1968 |
| The 8th Circuit rules that racial barriers cannot affect the acquisition of property | Jones v. Mayer 1968 |
| Published by Ian McHarg, tying planning to the natural environment. | Design with Nature 1969 |
| requires an "environmental impact statement" for every federal or federally aided state or local major action that might significantly harm the environment. | National Environmental Policy Act 1969 |
| Published by Mel Scott. Reissued in 1995 by the American Planning Association | American City Planning Since 1890. 1969 |
| January 1, 1970 First Earth Day | First Earth Day 1970 |
| established to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970). | Federal Environment Protection Agency 1970 |
| the first such plan in the nation to allocate low- and moderate-income housing on a "fair share" basis. | Miami Valley (Ohio) Regional Planning Commission Housing Plan 1970 |
| AIP adopts a Code of Ethics for professional planners | Code of Ethics 1971 |
| the US Supreme Court upheld an amendment to the California Constitution mandating a referendum on all housing projects because an intent to racially discriminate could not be found | James v. Valtierra 1971 |
| The US Supreme Court found that an approval for a nuclear power plant was not properly granted because the requirements of the National Environmental Protection Act were not followed. This decision solidified the place of NEPA in the development arena. | Calvert Cliffs Coordinating Committee v. US Atomic Energy Commission 1971 |
| encourages the mngmt of coastal zone areas and provides grants to be used in maintaining coastal zone areas. | Coastal Zone Management Act 1972 |
| General revenue sharing inaugurated | U.S. State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act. 1972 |
| New York high court allows the use of performance criteria as a means of slowing community growth | Golden v. Planning Board of Ramapo 1972 |
| symbolizes a nationwide move away from massive, isolating, high-rise structures to a more humane form of public housing architecture: low-rise, less isolated, dispersed | Demolition of St. Louis's notorious Pruitt-Igoe Project 1972 |
| Authorized Federal assistance to state and local jurisdictions to establish conservation programs for endangers plant and animal species | Endangered Species Act 1973 |
| The Oregon Supreme Court rules that all zoning and rezoning must be consistent with applicable comprehensive plans. | Fasano v. Board of County Commissioners of Washington County 1973 |
| replaces the categorical grant with the block grant as the principal form of federal aid for local community development. | The Housing and Community Development Act 1974 |
| The US Supreme Court rules that limiting residents of housing units to related individuals was a legitimate use of the police power, eliminating many fundamental civil rights challenges to local regulations | Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas 1974 |
| The US 4th Circuit finds that quotas on the annual number of building permits issued was a constitutional use of the police power | Sonoma v. Petaluma 1975 |
| shifts emphasis from traditional land-use planning to advocacy planning | Cleveland Policy Plan Report 1975 |
| The New Jersey Supreme Court rules that the local zoning ordinance was unconstitutional where it conflicted with state defined fair housing practices. | Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mt. Laurel 1975 |
| The US Supreme Court rules that a mandate that all rezonings be subject to referendum is constitutional because no intent to discriminate could be found. | City of Eastlake v. Forest City Enterprises 1976 |
| the Court upheld a zoning provision mandating the decentralization of sexually oriented businesses based on studies showing a detriment to society as a result of clustering | Young v. American Mini Theaters, Inc. 1976 |
| The California Supreme Court found that temporary moratoria on building permit issuance was constitutional | Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore, 1976 |
| Historic Preservation Fund established. | Historic Preservation Fund 1976 |
| Equal protection case-the US Supreme Court finds that a regulation effectively denying housing to people based on race, immigration status, or national origin was unconstitutional. | Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. 1977 |
| First exam for AIP membership conducted | AIP exam 1977 |
| Supreme Court upholds NYC's Landmark Pres Law as applied to Grand Central Terminal. In this landmark decision, the Court found that barring some development of air rights was not a taking when the interior of the property could be put to lucrative use. | Penn Central Transportation Co. v. City of New York, 438 U.S. 104 (1978): |
| American Institute of Planners (AIP) and American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) merge | American Planning Association (APA). 1978 |
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