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Unit Ten AP US
Mrs. Grieve's Unit Ten Vocab Words
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Earl Warren | Chief Justice of Supreme Court appointed by Eisenhower; moderate views; helped civil rights movement |
| Rosa Parks | black woman whose refusal to relinquish her seat on a bus sparked awareness of civil rights in 1954 |
| Martin Luther King | his leadership of the Montgomery Bus Boycott makes him the leader of the entire civil rights movement to many |
| Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) | civil rights organization of MLK that demanded desegregation of public facilities, started voter registration drive, and promoted passive civil disobedience |
| Civil Rights Act of 1957 | expedited lawsuits by African Americans who claimed voting rights were violated and created Commission on Civil Rights to advise government on issues |
| Little Rock Central High School | high school that was forcibly desegregated by US troops in 1957 on the orders of Eisenhower |
| David Riesman (Harvard) | claimed US was becoming “other directed” society of conformists |
| John Kenneth Galbraith | wrote The Affluent Society; claimed wealthy Americans needed to spend more for common good |
| JD Salinger | wrote The Catcher in the Rye; showed individual struggle against conformity and refers to “phoniness” of society |
| Jack Kerouac | leader of Beats; wrote On the Road; rebelled against conformity by promoting spontaneity, drugs, improvised jazz, and unorthodox literary styles to rebel against conformity |
| Barry Goldwater | Senator from Arizona who started modern conservative movement (reducing support of civil rights and domestic programs, tougher policies toward USSR) |
| Sputnik | first artificial satellite in space; launched by the USSR in 1957 |
| National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) | space agency founded largely as reaction to Soviet launch of Sputnik |
| Bay of Pigs Invasion | failed 1961 invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles (lacked enough American support) |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | 1962 crisis in which Soviets attempted to place nuclear missiles in Cuba; JFK responded with a blockade |
| March on Washington | 1963 largest civil rights march of 1960s; MLK gave “I Have a Dream” speech |
| Betty Friedan | wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963); complained about confinement to home and lack of career opportunities for women |
| Phyllis Schafly | conservative female activist who believed equality with men would take away many of their privileges in society (like exemption from draft) |
| Lee Harvey Oswald | accused assassin of JFK; assassinated by Jack Ruby |
| Warren Commission | commission set up to investigate JFK and Oswald assassinations; said both Oswald and Ruby acted alone |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | took over presidency upon JFK’s assassination (1963-1968) |
| “war on poverty” | phrase used by LBJ to describe his attempt to eliminate poverty in the United States |
| Civil Rights Act of 1965 | outlawed discrimination in public transport and facilities (hotels, restaurants) |
| Medicare | nationally funded medical coverage for elderly created by LBJ |
| Medicaid | nationally funded medical care for low-income families |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | mandated federal oversight of elections in the South |
| Head Start | early school start for 3 year olds in low income families |
| Gulf of Tonkin Incident | August 1964; US destroyer Maddox exchanged fire with North Vietnamese; resulted in LBJ expanding the war in Vietnam |
| Vietcong (VC – aka “Charlie”) | communist guerrillas in South Vietnam |
| North Vietnamese Army (NVA) | regular North Vietnamese Army that fought along border (DMZ – demilitarized zone) between North and South Vietnam |
| Ho Chi Minh Trail | communist supply trail that ran through Laos and Cambodia into South Vietnam |
| “search and destroy” | US strategy of establishing enclaves and searching South Vietnamese countryside for VC |
| Operation Rolling Thunder | code name for saturation bombing of Vietnam by US Air Force |
| “New” Left | young liberals who tried to distance themselves from traditional Democrats who weren’t fulfilling American ideals |
| Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) | student group that wrote Port Huron Statement; believed in greater democracy, more civil rights, and more equitable distribution of wealth |
| Counterculture | nickname for group that rebelled against social mainstream; most represented by “hippie” movement |
| Haight-Ashbury | district in San Francisco that was center of the Counterculture |
| Black Power Movement | comprised of those who lost patience with non-violent, gradualist approach of MLK |
| Malcolm X | part of Black Power movement and Nation of Islam; believed in black self-defense and immediate equality with whites |
| Stokely Carmichael | originally part of Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, he later formed more militant Black Panther Party |
| My Lai Massacre | murder of approximately 350-500 South Vietnamese civilians (mostly women and children) by platoon leader led by William Calley |
| Kent State, 1970 | most famous protest of Vietnam War; Ohio National Guard kills 4 student protesters on college campus |
| Tet Offensive | massive 1968 offensive by VC and NVA; resulted in public opinion in US turning against war |
| MLK | civil rights leader assassinated in 1968 in Memphis |
| Robert Kennedy | Democratic presidential candidate assassinated in 1968 after having won California primary |
| Democratic National Convention, 1968 | resulted in division within Democratic Party between pro-war and anti-war factions |
| George Wallace | ran as American-Independent in 1968; was anti-integration, anti-Great Society, anti-counterculture |
| Great Society | nickname for LBJ’s domestic program |
| Richard Nixon | Republican Party candidate in 1968 |
| “Vietnamization” | term that described the plan to train South Vietnamese to take over war effort |
| “ping-pong diplomacy” | term that describes diplomatic attempts to improve US-Chinese relations under Nixon |
| Détente | term to describe easing of tensions with USSR under Nixon |
| SALT (Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty, 1972) | treaty between US and USSR that froze nuclear weapons at current 1972 levels |
| stagflation | unusual circumstance of high unemployment AND high inflation under Nixon |
| Watergate | nickname for scandal that caused Nixon to re-sign in 1974 |
| CREEP | Committee to Reelect the President; its “burglars” attempted to steal campaign secrets from the Democrats |
| Gerald Ford | became President after resignation of Richard Nixon |
| Silent Spring | book by Rachel Carson that raised concerns about the use of pesticides in agriculture; credited with starting modern environmental movement |
| National Organization of Women (NOW) | founded in 1966 by Betty Friedan and Shirley Chisolm, it is the largest women’s organization that works to secure political, professional, and educational equality for women |
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bjgrieve
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