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Nutrition CH3 - WK1

Fats

QuestionAnswer
Fat dietary importance; Concentrated fuel for energy (1 gram= 9 kcal)
Classes of fats Lipids, Triglycerides, Fatty acids, Lipoproteins
Lipids Overall name for chemical group of fats
Triglycerides Chemical name for fat
Fatty acids Building blocks of fats
Lipoproteins Combination of fat, protein, and other fat-related substances Carry fats in the blood stream
Saturated fatty acids Filled or with hydrogen - MEATS; Palm oil and Coconut oil
Unsaturated fatty acids Unsaturated fatty acids; less heavy; Monounsaturated: one unfilled spot Polyunsaturated: two or more unfilled spots; Olive oil, canola oil, peanut oil, avocado
Polyunsaturated fatty acids Linoleic (omega-6) Alpha-linolenic (omega-3) Essential fatty acids that we need *tissue strength, muscle tone, blood clotting, cardiac action, cholesterol metab.
Triglyceride derivative Third fatty acid is replaced by phosphate group
Partially hydrophobic Water fearing phospholipid - permeable
Partially hydrophilic Water loving phospholipid - permeable
Phospholipids Triglyceride derivative-Third fatty acid is replaced by phosphate group; Major constituents in cell membranes; Allow transport of fats through bloodstream
Cholesterol Not a fat; No need for this in the body – improves taste; can't be removed from animal foods; The more you eat it, the sicker you can get (fatty liver); found in Egg yolks Liver, kidney Meats; Synthesized in the liver
Functions of Fat in Foods Energy; Essential nutrients; Flavor and satisfaction
Adipose tissue Protects organs; Stores our fat; can form anywhere; Helps regulate temperature; Cell membrane structure; Forms part of cell membrane; Helps transport nutrients across cell membranes
Food Sources of Fat Animal fats Plant fats-palm oil and coconut oil Hydrogenated fats
Transfat Man-made fat; increase amount of lipids in the bloodstream
Digestion of Fats Mouth, stomach, small intestine
Mouth fat digestion mastication, lipase is secreted to break down food for transport to stomach
Stomach fat digestion no fat digestion happens here
Small intestine fat digestion majority of fat digestion and destruction happens here: Bile from the gallbladder (upper right quad); Enzymes from the pancreas (below the stomach); Enzymes from the small intestine- break fat down for absorption Absorption-
Dietary Fat Requirements should not exceed 20% to 35% of total kilocalories; less than 10% from saturated
What does fat do for our body? structural material for cell walls, protective padding for vital organs, insulation to maintain body temperature, and covering for nerve cells
glycolipids a lipid w/ a carbohydrate attached
amphophilic molecule containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups
bile fluid secreted by the liver and transported to the gallbladder for concentration and storage
micelles packages of free fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts
chylomicron lipoprotein formed in the intestinal cell composed of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and protein. Allows for absorption of fat into lymphatic circulatory system before entering the blood circulation.
The fuel form of fat found in food sources triglyceride
Created by: MarieG
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