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AP13
The Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acromegaly | A chronic metabolic condition characterized by the gradual noticeable enlargement and elongation of thebones of the face, jaw, and extremties due to hypersecretion of the human growth hormone after puberty. |
| Diabetes Mellitus | A disorder of the pancreas in which the beta cells of the islets of langerhans of he pancreas fail to produce an adequate amount of insulin, resulting in the body's inabilty to appropriately metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. |
| Diabete Insipidus | Metabolic disordr characterized by extreme polydipsia and polyuria. Caused by deficiency in secretion of the antidiuretic hormone. |
| Thyrod Function Tests | Tests tha measure the blood levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH. |
| Addison's Disease | A life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex to secrete adequate mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids resulting from an autoimmune process, a neoplasm, an infection, or a hemorrhage in the gland. |
| Gigantism | A proprtional overgrowth o the body's tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty |
| Thyroid Stiulatng Hormone | A test that measures the cncentation of TSH i the blood |
| Virilism | The development of masculine physcial traits in the female (hair growth, sweat, deep voice, enlargement of clitoris). May be due to an abnormality or dysfunction of the adrenal gland. |
| Dwarfism | Generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone; AKA: Congenital Hypopituitarism |
| Thyroid Storm | An acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone. AKA:Thyrotoxicosis |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | A disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye, in which the capillaries of the retina experience localized areas of bulging, hemorrhages, leakage, and scarring. |
| Thyrtoxicosis | An acute,sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of thyroid hormone. AKA: Thyroid Storm |
| Fasting Blood Sugar | Blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the person has been without foodor drink since midnight |
| Cushing's Syndrome | A condition of the adrenal gland in which there is a cluster of symptoms occurring as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or A.C.T.H. circulating in the blood. |
| Hemoglobin A1C | A blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual's blood durn the last 3 months. |
| Serm Glucose Tests | Measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn |
| Thyroid Scan | An exam that determines the position size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radionuclear scanning. |
| Glucose Tolerance Test | A test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measuring the glucose levels prior to administration, 30 mnutes after, 1 hour after, 2 hours afte, and 3 hurs after. |
| Adenohypophysis | The anterior pituitary gland |
| Adenopathy | Any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement |
| Adenocortical | Pertaining to the cortex of he adrenal gland(s). |
| Androgen | Any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics |
| Cortex | Pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure |
| Endocrine Gland | Gland that secretes directly into bloodstream |
| Endocrinologist | A physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrie system |
| Endocrinology | The field of medicine that dealswith the study of the endocrine system and of the tratment of the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system |
| Euthyroid | Normally functoning thyroid gland |
| Glycosuria | The presence of sugar in the urine |
| Grave's Disease | Hyperthyroidism |
| Hypercalcemia | Elevated bloo calcim level |
| Hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level |
| Hypergonadism | Excessive activity of the ovaries or testes |
| Hyperinsulinism | An excessive amount of insulin in the body |
| Hyperkalemia | An elevated blood potassium level |
| Hypernatremia | An elevated blood sodium level |
| Hyperthyroidism | Overactivity of the thyrod gland. AKA: Grave's Disease |
| Hypocalcemia | Less than normal blood calcium level |
| Hypoglycemia | Less tha normal blood sugar level |
| Hypokalemia | Less than normal bloodpotasium level |
| Hypothyroidism | Less than normal activity of the thyroid gland |
| Medulla | Theintrnal part of a structure or organ |
| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst |
| Polyphagia | Excessive eating |
| Polyuria | Th excretion ofexcessively large amounts of urine |
| Thyroiditis | Inflammation ofthe thyroid gland |
| Goiter Simple | Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland |
| Gestational Diabetes | A disorder in which women who are not diabetic before pregnancy dvelop diabetes during the pregnancy |
| Pancreatic Cancer | A life-threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas |
| Pancreatitis | An acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas |
| Acromegaly | A chronic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, ja, and extremiies due to oversecretion of the pituitary gland after puberty |
| Cretinism | A congenital condition cause b a lack of thyroid secretion. Characterized by dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial features, dry skin, and large tongue. |
| Estrogen | One of te female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics |
| Exopthalmia | An abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs |
| Glucagon | A hrmone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose |
| Glycogenesis | The conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liverfor later use as needed. |
| Glucogenesis | The formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of carbhydrates |
| Growth Hormone | A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth. AKA: Somatotropic Hormone |
| Hyoerparethyroidism | Hyperactivity of any of the four parethyroid glands, resulting in an oversecretion of parethyroid hormone. |
| Hyperpituitarism | Overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| Insulin Shock | A state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by an overdose of insulin, a decreased intake of food, or excessive exercise by a diabetic patient who is insulin deendent. Severe hypoglycemia is a medical emergency. |
| Metabolism | The sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body |
| Myxedema | The most severe frm of hypothyroidism in the adult. This condition is characteized by puffiness of the hands and face; coarse, thickened edematous skin; an enlaged tongue; slow speech; loss of and dryness of the hair; sensitivity to the cold; drowsiness |
| Oxytocin | A hormone screted by the posteror pituitary gland. This hormone stimulates the contractions of the uterus during childbirth and stimulates the release of milk from the breast of lactating women in response to the suckling reflex of the infant. |
| Progesterone | A female hormone secreted by the ovaries primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticiption of a fertilized ovum, and for development of the maternal placenta after implantation of a fertilized ovum. |
| Somatotrophic Hormone | A hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the celllar processes necessary for normal body growth. AKA: Growth Hormone |
| Syndrome | A group of symptoms occurring together, indcative of a particular disease or abnormality. |
| Tetany | A condition characterized by severe cramping and twiching of the musles an sharp flexion of the wrist and ankle joints; A complication of hypocalcemia |
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