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AP Psych Unit 10
Personality
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, felling, and acting | personality |
| method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind | free association |
| freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconcsious motives and conflicts | psychoanalysis |
| according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories | unconscious |
| a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy, that according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives | id |
| the largely conscious "executive" part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego reality. operates on the reality principle | ego |
| the part of the personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future aspirations | superego |
| the childhood stages of development during which, said Freud, the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones | psychosexual stages |
| according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred toward rival father | Oedipus complex |
| the process by which, said Freud, chidlren incorporate their parent's values into their developing superegos | identification |
| according to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved | fixation |
| in psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality | defense mechanisms |
| the basic defense mechanism taht banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciuosness | repression |
| defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energies remains fixated | regression |
| defense mechanisms by which the ego unconsciuosly switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites. Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. | reaction formation |
| psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others | projection |
| defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions | rationalization |
| defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet | displacement |
| defense mechanism by which people re-channel their unacceptable impulses into socially approved activities | sublimation |
| defense mechanism by which people refuse to believe or even to perceive painful realities | denial |
| Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history | collective unconscious |
| a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one's inner dynamics | projective test |
| a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous secrets | Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) |
| the most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people's inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots | Rorschach Inkblot Test |
| a theory of death-related anxiety; explores people's emotional and behavioral response to reminders of their impending death | terror-management theory |
| according to Maslow, one of the ultimate psychological needs that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is acheived; the motivation to fulfill one's potential | self-actualization |
| according to Roger's, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person | unconditional positive regard |
| all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question "who am I?" | self-concept |
| a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports | trait |
| a questionarre on which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors | personality inventory |
| the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests; originally developed to identify emotional disorders | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) |
| a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups | empirically derived test |
| views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people's traits and their social context | social-cognitive perspective |
| the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment | reciprocal determinism |
| the extent to which people perceive control over their environment rather than feeling helpless | personal control |
| the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate | external locus of control |
| the perception that you control your own fate | internal locus of control |
| the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive | positive psychology |
| assumed to be the center of personality the organizer of our thoughts, feelings, and actions | self |
| overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders | spotlight effect |
| one's feelings of high or low self-worth | self-esteem |
| a readiness to perceive oneself favorably | self-serving bias |
| giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications | individualism |
| giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's identity accordingly | collectivism |
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