Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 13/MED 126
The Vascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The vascular system consists of? | Veins, arteries, and capillaries |
| What does the vascular system circulate to provide for gas, nutrient, and waste exchange? | Blood |
| What carries blood away from the heart? | Arteries |
| In the arteries, pressure is high/low? | High |
| Arteries branch into smaller arteries until they become? | Arterioles |
| Arterioles empty into? | Capillaries |
| The 3 layers of arteries are? | Tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa |
| What is the innermost layer of an artery called? | Tunica intima |
| What layer is the only layer that contacts blood? | Tunica intima |
| The tunica intima is made up of ___________ epithyelium called endothelium? | Simple squamos |
| `The tunica intima is continuous with the? | Endocardium |
| The smoothness of the tunica intima prevents? | Clotting |
| What layer of the artery produces NO (nitric oxide)? | Tunica intima |
| The tunica intima produces nitric oxide which causes? | Vasodilation |
| The middle layer of the artery is called? | Tunica media |
| The tunica media is made up of ______ muscle and _______ connective tissue? | Smooth, elastic |
| The tunica media helps maintain blood pressure during? | Diastole |
| Nitric oxide increases relaxation of the tunica? | Media |
| Nitric oxide increases relaxation of the tunica media which increases/decreases BP? | Decreases |
| In the tunica media, the SNS causes vaso? | Constriction |
| What is the internal elastic lamina? | Elastic layer that separates the inner 2 layers |
| What is the external elastic lamina? | Elastic layer that separates the outer 2 layers |
| What is the outer layer of the artery called? | Tunica externa |
| The tunica externa is made up of _____________ connective tissue? | Dense, irregular, fibrous |
| The tunica externa provides strength to prevent? | Rupture/aneurysm due to high pressure |
| Arterioles do not have a tunica? | Externa |
| Arterioles allow arteries to prevent flow to? | Capillaries |
| Veins carry blood away/toward the heart? | Toward |
| In the veins, pressure is high/low? | Low |
| Veins start out as ______ from capillaries? | Venules |
| Some veins in the lower extremities contain flaps called? | Valves |
| What do valves prevent? | Backflow of blood |
| Damage of valves leads to? | Varicosities |
| The tunica media is thinner because they do little to regulate? | Blood pressure |
| Why is the tunica externa thinner? | Because of the lower pressure in veins |
| What is a connection/joining of vessels that provides an alternate pathway when blockage occurs, i.e., provides redundancy called? | Anastomosis |
| Capillaries are single layer vessels that connect _______ to ________? | Arterioles to venules |
| Capillaries contain only? | Endothelium |
| Capillaries cannot dilate/constrict? | Constrict |
| Capillaries are about the diameter of one? | RBC |
| The number of capillaries in a tissue reflects that tissue's? | Metabolic activity |
| Not all tissues contain blood vessels and must get nutrients and gases via? | Diffusion |
| Flow to capillaries is regulated by? | Precapillary sphincters |
| What takes the place of capillaries in some tissues? | Sinusoids |
| Sinusoids are more permeable to permit? | Large proteins and cells to pass through |
| Capillaries exchange material between the blood and the __________ in the tissues in both directions? | Interstitial fluid |
| Gases in capillaries move by? | Diffusion |
| What occurs because of the higher pressure in the vessel, forcing plasma, glucose, AAs, and vitamins out of the capillary? | Filtration |
| What is the pressure created in the capillary that creates a concentration gradient to pull fluid into blood? | Colloid osmotic pressure |
| COP is created primarily because of? | Albumin |
| COP can be thought of as a "pulling" pressure that pulls ______ into the blood? | Water |
| COP occurs toward the _____ side of the capillary? | Venule |
| COP helps maintain blood? | Volume |
| Excess interstitial fluid is returned via the? | Lympahatic vessels |
| What is a very important anastomosis surrounding the pituitary gl. on the inferior surface of the brain? | Circle of Willis |
| The popliteal v. changes name to become the? | Femoral v. |
| The great saphenous v. combines with the femoral v. to become the? | External iliac v. |
| The external and internal iliac v. join to become the? | Common iliac v. |
| The right and left common iliac combine to become the? | Inferior vena cava |
| What veins join the inferior vena cava? | Inferior mesenteric v., gonadal vv., renal v., right and left gastric vv., hepatic v., and intercostal vv. |
| The median v. becomes the? | Basilic v. |
| The basilic v. combines with the brachial v. to become the? | Axillary v. |
| The median cubital combines the median v. with the ? | Cephalic v. |
| The cephalic v. joins the axillary v. to become the? | Subclavian v. |
| The internal jugular v., external jugular v., ad vertebral v. join the? | Subclavian v. |
| The internal jugular v. is supplied by the? | Dural venous sinuses |
| When the cross-sectional area of the vascular system increases, the velocity of blood flow? | Decreases |
| The total circulation time for the velocity of blood flow is about? | One minute |
| When blood flows, the venules to veins, the cross-sectional area _______, and the velocity ______? | Decreases, increases |
| The segment of the vascular system with the greatest cross-sectional area is the? | Capillaries |
| Velocity of blood flow in the capillaries is? | Slow |
| Explain the importance of velocity of flow in the capillaries: | Slow flow allows enough time for exchange of nutrients, wastes, and gases. |
| What is blood pressure? | The force the blood exerts against the walls of vessels |
| What is dependent on BP? | Filtration |
| Blood pressure is measured in? | mmHg-milimeters of mercury |
| Pulmonary BP prevents filtration from the capillaries which would lead to? | Pulmonary edema |
| When taking systemic arterial BP, what 2 numbers are taken? | Systolic, diastolic |
| The pressure when the left ventricle contracts is called? | Systolic |
| The pressure when the left ventricle relaxes is called? | Diastolic |
| Consistent high BP is called? | Hypertension |
| BP that is below normal is called? | Hypotension |
| Systemic BP is highest in the? | Aorta |
| Systemic BP decreases as distance the heart? | Increases |
| What is venous return? | The amount of blood returned from the veins to the heart |
| If venous return decreases, Starling's Law will prevent the heart from contracting as forcefully and BP will ______? | Decrease |
| When standing the heart must overcome gravity pulling the blood to the lower extremities. 3 mechanisms help overcome this and they are called? | Venous contriction, skeletal muscle pump, and respiratory pump |
| Constriction of the veins helps increase venous return. The tissue in the wall of a vein that is capable of contractions is? | Smooth muscle |
| The skeletal muscle pump contributes to venous retun in veins in which part part of the body? | Legs |
| Contraction of skeletal muscles (especially legs) compress these veins and force blood toward the? | Heart |
| The respiratory pump contributes to venous return in veins in which part of the body? | Thoracic cavity |
| As HR and force increases, BP ______? | Increases |
| What is the resistance of blood vessels to the flow of blood? | Peripheral resistance |
| What helps maintain diastolic pressure and pulse pressure? | Elasticity of large arteries |
| What is pulse pressure? | The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure |
| The normal ratio for pulse pressure is? | 3:2:1 |
| The thickness of blood is called? | Viscosity |
| Viscosity of the blood is increased due to? | Solids |
| What hormone increases vasoconstriction and HR? | Epinephrine |
| What hormone increases vasoconstriction? | Norepinephrine |
| What hormone increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys? | ADH |
| What hormone increases the reabsorption of water by the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption? | Aldosterone |
| What hormone increases loss of water by increasing excretion of sodium? | ANP |
| What is the distribution of blood flow? | As certain organs require more blood other organs must give up blood in order to maintain pressure |
| What are the 2 categories of BP regulation? | Intrinsic mechanisms and nervous mechanisms |
| What mechanism is within the cardiovascular system and does not require nervous system input? | Intrinsic mechanisms |
| What are the 3 mechanisms of intrinsic mechanisms? | Starling's law, filtration decrease and renin-angiotensin mechanism |
| During the renin-angiotensin mechanism, BP decrease causes kidneys to release renin which causes? | Angiotensin II to be formed which causes vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex |
| What mechanism is controlled by the ANS? | Nervous mechanism |
| The vasomotor center is located in the ______ of the brain? | Medulla |
| The vasomotor center consists of two areas called the? | Vasoconstrictor and vasodilater |
| The medulla receives sensory information about the need for changes in vessel diameter from the _______ in the carotid and aortic sinuses? | Pressoreceptors |
| The division of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the diameter of arteries and veins is the ______ division? | Sympathetic |
| Vasoconstriction is brought about by more impulses per second and will ______ BP. | Raise |
| Vasodilation is brought about by fewer impulses per second and will ______ BP. | Lower |
Created by:
laceylake
Popular Anatomy sets