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A&P ch 18 A
AP ch 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what system is composed of glands that pour secretion into blood instead of into ducts i.e ductless | Endocrine system |
| what system produces rapid, short-lasting responses whereas hormones have a slower, long-lasting effect. | Nervous system |
| what are target organ cells | cells that are acted on and respond to hormones that contain receptors |
| what are local hormones | act on neighboring cells or on the same cells that secreted without first entering the blood stream |
| what are paracrines | local hormones that act on neighboring cells |
| what are autocrines | local hormones that act on the same cell that secreted them |
| what is the main function of the endocrine system | to maintain homeostasis |
| what are the 2 classes of hormones | water & Lipid Soluble |
| what does Lipid include | steroid, thyroid hormones & Nitric Oxide |
| steroids are structurally similar to what ?? | Cholesterol |
| what is nitric oxide made up of | hormones & neurotransmitter |
| Water soluble include | amine, peptide, protein eicosanoid hormone. |
| Amine hormone are structurally similar to | Amino acids |
| Amine hormone are released by | adrenal medulla, thyroid & Pineal gland |
| Amine are synthesized from ??? | amino acid tyrosine |
| Peptide hormone are ?? | chains of amino acid |
| Peptide hormone are secreted by ?? | hypothalamus, pituitary gland, heart thymus,digestive tract & Pancreas |
| What are eioscaniods ?? | small molecules with 5-carbon ring @ one end |
| Eioscaniods includes what ? | Prostaglandins & leakotrienes are imp pacrine factors |
| What needs to happen for a hormone to affect target cell | it needs the appropriate receptors |
| hormones & cell membrane- water soluble cant? | penetrate cell membrane |
| hormones act as ?? | 1st messenger that causes appearance of 2nd messenger in cytoplasm |
| 2nd messenger serve as ?? | enzyme activator, inhibitor, or cofactor( net result is change of various metabolic reactions |
| What are the most imp 2nd messenger | cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, & calcium ions |
| what is amplification | binding of hormone to receptors may lead to releasing of thousands of 2nd messenger |
| What is the link between the 1st & 2nd messenger ?? | G protein |
| what is the G protein | an integral membrane protein that interacts with the membrane receptors |
| Two hormones may have theses characteristics | opposing or antagonistic effect, additive or synergistic effects |
| one hormone may have permissive effect on another,1st hormone is needed for second to produce its effect | Tropic Hormone |
| what is negative feedback | common method for hormonal control, low level of substance may cause release of hormone |
| Insulin | moves glucose in the cell |
| Glucagon | move sugar out of cell |
| Thyroid stimulating hormone TCH, tropic hormones | produce by pituitary gland |
Created by:
toluwani
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