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A&P 1 Exam 2
Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the five types of bone classifications? | Long bone, short bone, irregular bone, flat bone, sesamoid bone |
| Describe a long bone and provide an example of a long bone. | Bone that is longer than it is wide. Example is the humerus of the arm or the femur of the leg. |
| Describe a short bone and provide an example of a short bone. | Bone that is nearly equal in length and width. Example is the carpal and tarsal bone. |
| Describe an irregular bone and provide an example of an irregular bone. | Bone that have elaborate shapes that do not fit into any other categories. An example is the vertebrae. |
| Describe a flat bone and provide an example of a flat bone. | Bone that tend to be broad and thin and are used to protect organs. Examples are the some cranial bones, ribs, and sternum. |
| Describe a sesamoid bone and provide an example of a sesamoid bone. | Bone that forms within tendons in response to stress. Example is the patella. |
| What is compact bone? | Compact bone is the dense, calcified tissue of the bone. It contains central canal, lacunae, canaliculi, and osteon. |
| What is spongy bone? | Inside of compact bone and contains the marrow. Contains spicules and trabeculae. |
| What is yellow marrow? | This marrow is found in older adults. It does not produce blood. |
| What is red marrow? | Children contain all red marrow in spongy bone. Described as hemopoietic tissue. |
| What is the axial skeleton? | Contains the central supporting axis of the body. |
| What does the axial skeleton include? | Skull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. |
| How many bones does the axial skeleton contain? | It contains 80 bones. |
| What is the appendicular skeleton? | Contains the bones of the upper limb and pectoral girdle and the bones of the lower limb and pelvic girdle. |
| How many bones does the appendicular skeleton contain? | It contains 126 bones. |
| Projection: Define "crest" | A narrow ridge (Example: iliac crest of the pelvis) |
| Projection: Define "epicondyle" | A projection superior to a condyle (Example: medial epicondyle of the femur) |
| Projection: Define "Line" | A slightly raised, elongated ridge (Example: nuchal lines of the skull) |
| Projection: Define "Process" | Any bony prominence (Example: mastoid process of the skull) |
| Projection: Define "Protuberance" | A bony outgrowth or protruding part (mental protuberance of the chin) |
| Projection: Define "Spine" | A sharp, slender, or narrow process (spine of scapula) |
| Projection: Define "Trochanter" | Two massive process unique to the femur. |
| Projection: Define "Tubercle" | A small, rounded process (greater tubercle of the humerus) |
| Projection: Define "Tuberosity" | A rough elevated surface (tibial tuberosity) |
| Articulations: Define "Condyle" | A rounded knob that articulates with another bone (occipital condyles of the skull) |
| Articulations: Define "Facet" | A smooth, flat, slightly concave or convex articular surface (articular facets of the vertebrae) |
| Articulations: Define "Head" | The prominent expanded end of a bone, sometimes rounded (head of femur) |
| Depressions: Define "alveolus" | A pit or socket (tooth socket) |
| Depressions: Define "fossa" | A shallow, broad, or elongated basin (mandibular fossa) |
| Depressions: Define "Fovea" | A small pit (fovea capitis of the femur) |
| Depressions: Define "Sulcus" | A groove for a tendon, nerve, or blood vessel (intertubercular sulcus of the humerus) |
| Openings: Define "Canal" | A tubular passage or tunnel in a bone (condylar canal of the skull) |
| Openings: Define "Fissure" | A slit through a bone (orbital fissures behind the eye) |
| Openings: Define "Foramen" | A hole through a bone, usually round (foramen magnum of the skull) |
| Openings: Define "meatus" | an opening into a canal (acoustic meatus of the ear) |
| Openings: Define "sinus" | An air-filled space in a bone (frontal sinus of the forehead) |
| What are the 4 sutures of the skull? | Sagittal (down the top of the skull), Lamboidal (back of cranium), Coronal (Front of cranium) Squamous (Near temporal regions) |
| There are 6 cranial bones. Identify each cranial bone. | Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid |
| The frontal bone has three features associated with it. Name them. (SSZ) | Supraorbital foramen, Superciliary ridges (brow ridge), Zygomatic process |
| The occipital bone has three features associated with it. Name name. (EFO) | Occipital condyles, external occipital protuberance, foramen magnum |
| The temporal bone has five features associated with it. Name them. (EZMSM) | External auditory meatus, zygomatic process, mastoid process, styloid process, mandibular fossa |
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