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Medication Administration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adverse drug reaction | A unexpected severe reaction to a drug administered at a normal dosage. |
| Also known as drug hypersensitivity or drug intoloerence. | adverse drug reaction |
| Absorption | Passage of medicatiion into the blood from its site of administration. |
| What 5 factors influence absorption? | Route administration, ability to dissolve, blood flow, body surface area, and lipid solubility of medication. |
| Name 3 FDA drug categories. | Prescription, non-prescription (otc), controlled substances. |
| What is the name of the federal act that regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensation of drugs that have the potential for abuse? | Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. |
| How many schedules does the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act have? | 5 schedules starting with the most addictive drugs categorized in Schedule one to the least addictive in Schedule five. |
| What drugs are associated with schedule 1? | Heroin, Marijuana, and LSD. |
| Give examples of schedule 2 drugs. | Narcotics (Morphine), stimulants (cocaine), depressants (barbiturates). |
| What drugs are associated with schedule 3 drugs? | nonbarbituarte sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulants and tylenol w/ codeine. |
| What drugs are associated with schedule 4 drugs? | Some sedatives and anxiety agents and non narcotic analgesics (Darvon, Xanax, Valium). |
| What drugs are associated with schedule 5 drugs? | cough medicine or anti-diarrheals. |
| Controlled substances should be double locked with a seperate key. (T/F) | True |
| Controlled substances can be handled by anyone. (T/F) | False |
| Drug | Any substance used in diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a dsease or condition. |
| What are three names given to a drug? | Chemical, Generic, Trade. |
| Who is most concerned with the chemical name? Give an example of a chemical name. | The chemist is most concerned with the chemical name. Ie. acetyl-para-aminophenol |
| Who is concerned with the generic name? Give an example of a generic name. | The medical practitioner uses the generic name in a clinical setting. acetaminophen. |
| Who is concerned with a drug's trade name? Give and example of a trade name. | The trade name is the name most commonly used in the community or by the patient. Ie. Tylenol. |
| What does the chemical and generic name have in common? | Both names are not capitalized. |
| What is the systematic classification into a reasonable number of drug groups on the basis of chemical, pharmacologic, or therapeutic relatedness? | Drug classification. |
| What are the three drug classifications? | Clinical indication (therapeutic), mechanism of action (pharmacologic), and body system. |
| Give and example of the three drug classification. | clinical indication (laxative, antibiotics, antacid), mechanism of action (anti-cholinergics, calcium-channel blockers), Body system (CNS. |
| Pharmacokinetics | Study of how medications enter the body and are processed through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. |
| Absorption | Passage of medication into the blood from its administration site. |
| What factors influence absorption? | route of administration, medications ability to dissolve, blood flow to the site of administration, body surface area, lipid solubility of medication. |
| Given in sequence from high to low, what are the most rapidly absorbed methods of distributing medications? | Intravenous, Intramuscular, Subcutaneous, Oral route (GI). |
| Distribution | Allocation of medication, after absorbtion, to various organs within the body. |
| Metabolism | Process of converting a drug by the liver to inactive compounds through a series of chemical reactions. |
| Biotransformation | Metabolism |
| Why is the liver important in metabolizing drugs? | It oxidizes and tranforms many toxic substances and it degrades many harmful chemicals before they become distributed to tissues. |
| Excretion | The process of medications exiting the body after being metabolized. |
| What is the proper fluid intake to promote proper elimination of medications for an average adult? | 50 ml/kg/day |
| Half-life | The time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a drug. |
| Therapeutic Effects | Expected or predictable physiological response a medication causes. |
| Side Effects | The unintended, secondary effects a medication predictably will cause. |
| Toxic Effects | Excess amounts of a medication with in the body which may have lethal effects. |
| Idiosyncratic Reactions | Unpredictable unexpected effects in which a client overreacts or under reacts to a medication or has a reaction that is different from the norm. |
| A sedative is given to a patient that has severe anxiety attacks which causes them to become agitated and restless. This is an example of what type of effect? | Idiosyncratic |
| If a patient is presented with loss of consciousness, hives, swelling of the tongue, and rapid swelling of the throat tissues may be demonstrating signs of what effect? | Anaplylaxis shock. |
| A manifestation of a collection of fluid in the subcutaneous tissues in the eyelids, lips, mouth, and throat may be a sign of? | Angioedema |
| Drug interactions | When one drug alters or modifies another drug. |
| Polypharmacy | People taking several medications. |
| 5 types of drug interactions. | Additive, synergistic, antagonistic, interference, and incompatibility. |
| Additive Effect | Two drugs with similar actions that are taken for a doubled effect. |
| Synergistic Effect | When one drug increases the action or effect of another drug. |
| Antogonistic Effect | When one drug blocks the action of another which may be used to counteract the effects of a perviously given drug. |
| Interference | One drug inhibits the metabolism of excretion of a second drug, causing increased activity of the second drug. |
| Incompatiblity | The deterioration of medication caused by two drugs being mixed together in the sam syringe or solution. |
| You are mixing two drugs and notice haziness, precipitate, or a change in color in the vial. What do you suspect about the two drugs? | The two drugs are incompatible and my charge nurse or physican needs to be notified. |
| drug dosages | amount of drug precribed for the client. |
| List 8 factors that affect drug dosage and action. | age, weight, physical health, psychological status, temperatures, gender, amount of food in the stomach, dosage form. |
| Buccal and sublingual administration of medication is an example of which route of administration? | Percutaneous |
| Enteral | Administered along any portion of the G.I. tract. |
| Percutaneous | Through the skin or mucous membranes. |
| Pills, enemas, and suppositories are both examples of which type of administration route? | Enteral |
| Powders, creams, and ointments applied to the skin are all examples of which administration route? | Percutaneous |
| Parenteral | Administered by methods other than digestive route. (Injections) |
| Name four parenteral routes of administration. | Subcutaneously, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal. |
| List the 6 patient routes. | Patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation. |
| If a client refuses medication how would you document the patients chart? | If medication is not given at the proper time circle the blank time of administration block and document the refusal with a reason. |
| To maintain accountability of controlled substances how many narcotics checks should a nurse conduct? | At least two; One at the start of the shift and one at the closing of the shift. |
| Nurse Jane administered only half of a premeasured dosage of medication and threw the container in the garbage. Did Nurse Jane respond properly to "Narcotic Wasting"? | No, Nurse Jane should have had a licensed RN witness and document the disposal of the unused portion of the medications with both nurses initals. |
| Micro drip | 60 gtts per minute |
| Macro drip | anything other than 60 gtts per minute |
| How is a pump measured? | ml/hr |
| How is tubing measured? | gtts/min |
| Range in size from 1 mL to 50 mL. | Hypodermic syringe |
| A capacity of 0.5 mL to 1 mL. | Tuberculin syringe |
| Calibrated to match dose and strength of insulin being used. | Insulin syringe. |
| Which injectables are rounded to the nearest hundreth? | Heparin, Insulin, and Terbutaline. |
| What is the window of administration does a patient have to recieve medications? | Medications can be distributed 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after the prescribed time. |
| 1 0z | 30 ml |
| 1 gr | 60 mg |
| 1 tbsp | 15 mL |
| 1 tsp | 5 mL |
| 1 lb | 16 oz |
| 1 kg | 1000 g |
| 1 g | 1000 mg |
| 1 mg | 1000 mcg |
| 2.2 lb | 1 kg |
Created by:
epowells