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roles federal courts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| plantiff | an individual or group of people who bring a complaint against another party |
| defendant | the party who answers a complaint and defends against it |
| prosecution | a government body that brings a criminal charge against a defendant who is accused of breaking one of its laws |
| precedent | a guideline for how all similar cases should be decided in the future |
| original jurisdiction | the authority to hear a case first |
| appeal | to ask a higher court to review the decision and determine if justice was done |
| appellate jurisdiction | the authority to hear an appeal |
| courts of appeals | handle appeals from federal district courts |
| circuit courts | the courts of appeals |
| judicial review | the power to overturn any law that the Court decides is in conflict with the Constitution |
| judicial activism | an effort by judges to take an active role in policymaking by overturning laws relatively often |
| judicial restraint | an effort by judges to avoid overturning laws to leave policymaking up to the other 2 branches of government |