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MLE-Digestive System
vocabulary words concerning the digestive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ingestion | to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption; to take in and absorb as food |
| Digestion | the bodily process of breaking down foods chemically and mechanically |
| Absorption | passage of a substance into or across a blood vessel or membrane |
| Defecation/Elimination | the elimination of the contents of the bowels (feces) |
| Mechanical Digestion/Mastication | the act of chewing; |
| Esophagus | the muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach; the gullet |
| Incisor | a tooth adapted for cutting or gnawing, located at the front of the mouth along the apex of the dental arch |
| Bicuspid | tooth having two points or cusps |
| Molar | a tooth with a broad crown used to grind food, located behind the premolars |
| Canines | one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars; used for biting and chewing, and also tearing meat, also used for attack or defense |
| Gingiva | the gums |
| Dentin | the calcified tissue forming the major part of a tooth; deep to the enamel |
| Pulp | the soft tissue forming the inner structure of a tooth and containing nerves and blood vessels |
| Crown | the part of a tooth that is covered by enamel and projects beyond the gum line; an artificial substitute for the natural crown of a tooth. |
| Neck | the part of a tooth between the crown and the root |
| Root | the embedded part of an organ or structure such as a hair, tooth, or nerve, that serves as a base or support |
| Saliva | the secretion of salivary glands ducted into the mouth |
| Bolus | a rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing |
| Pharynx | the muscular tube extending from the posterior of the nasal cavities to the esophagus |
| Peristalsis | the waves of contraction seen in tubelike organs; propels substances along the tract |
| Chyme | the semifluid stomach contents consisting of partially digested food and gastric secretions |
| Pyloric sphincter | also known as a valve; is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal and lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum; it receives sympathetic innervation from celiac ganglion |
| Pepsin | an enzyme capable of digesting proteins in an acid pH |
| Gastrin | a hormone that stimulates gastric secretion, especially hydrochloric acid release |
| Hepatocytes | is a cell of the main tissue of the liver; theymake up 70-80% of the liver's cytoplasmic mass; also initiates formation and secretion of bile |
| Bile | a greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine |
| Lipase | is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester chemical bonds in water-insoluble lipid substrates; perform essential roles in the digestion, transport and processing of dietary lipids |
| Amylase | is an enzyme that breaks starch down into sugar; is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion |
| Duodenum | the first part of the small intestine |
| Jejunum | the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum |
| Colon | is the last part of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body |
| Ileum | the terminal part of the small intestine; between the jejunum and the cecum of the large intestine |
| Villi | fingerlike projections of the small intestine mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption |
| Gastric | derived from the Greek word meaning related to the stomach |
| Insulin | the hypoglycemic hormone produced in the pancreas affecting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood glucose levels, and other systemic processes |
| Trypsin | is a serine protease found in the digestive system of many vertebrates, where it hydrolyses proteins; produced in the pancreas |
Created by:
McKayla Edmonds
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