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CPC-Musculoskeletal
CPC Study - Musculoskeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are in the human body? | 206 |
| Primary function of skeletal system: | provides organ protection, movement, framework, stores calcium, hematopoiesis |
| 5 types of bones: | long (tubular), short (cuboidal), flat, irregular, sesamoid |
| Patella is an example of this type of bone: | sesamoid |
| Diaphysis | shaft of a long bone |
| Epiphysis | bulbular shaped ends of long bones |
| Epiphysial Line | growth plate |
| Metaphysis | flared portion of bone near epiphyseal plate |
| Periosteum | dense, white outer covering |
| Cortical Bone | hard bone beneath periosteum mainly found on shaft |
| This contains yellow marrow: | medullary cavity |
| Cancellous bones | trabecular or spongy bone that contains red bone marrow |
| Endosteum | thin epithelial membrane lining medullary cavity of long bone |
| Divisions of skeleton: | axial, appendicular |
| How many bones does the axial skeleton contain? | 80 |
| How many bones does the appendicular skeleton contain? | 126 |
| Divisions of the axial skeleton: | skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, sacrum, ribs, sternum |
| 4 divisions of skull bones: | cranial, middle ear, face, hyoid |
| The bones of the skull: | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, styloid, zygomatic process |
| zygomatic process | cheek bone |
| Where is the styloid process found? | below ear |
| Ethmoid | area between orbits and nasal cavity |
| Sphenoid | floor of cranium |
| Occipital | posterior of cranium |
| Middle ear bones: | malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup) |
| Bones of the face: | nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal, palate, vomer, nasal conchae |
| Maxilla | upper jaw |
| mandible | lower jawbone |
| 3 types of turbinates (conchae): | interior, middle, superior |
| What does the hyoid bone support? | the tongue |
| Number of vertebrae in spine and their divisions: | 33 - 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (sacrum fused in adults), 4 coccygeal (coccyx fused in adults) |
| How many pairs of ribs are there in a human body? | 12 - 7 true, 3 false, 2 floating pairs |
| Ilium | wing-shaped bone in uppermost part of hip |
| Acetabulum | depression on lateral hip surface into which head of femur fits |
| Ischium | posterior part of hip |
| Pubis | anterior part of hip |
| Pubis Symphysis | cartilage between pubic bones |
| Femur | thighbone |
| Trochanter | processes at neck of femur |
| Tibia | shinbone |
| Patella | kneecap |
| Fibula | smaller lateral bone in lower leg |
| Talus | ankle bone |
| Calcaneus | heel bone |
| Metatarsals | foot instep |
| Phalanges | toes and fingers |
| Lateral Malleolus | lower part of fibula |
| Medial Malleolus | lower part of tibia |
| Clavicle | collar bone |
| Scapula | shoulder blade |
| Humerus | upper arm |
| Radius | forearm, thumb side |
| Ulna | forearm, little finger side |
| Olecranon | tip of elbow |
| Carpals | wrist bones |
| Metacarpals | hand bones |
| Classifications of joints: | synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diarthrosis (considerably movable) |
| Types of diarthrosis: | uniaxal, biaxial, multiaxial |
| Bursa | sac of synovial fluid in tissue around a joint |
| Functions of muscular system: | heat production, movement, posture, protection, shape |
| How many skeletal muscles are there? | 600 |
| Skeletal muscles are also known as: | striated muscles |
| Types of muscles: | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| Another name for smooth muscles: | visceral muscles (nonstriated, involuntary linings) |
| Difference between tendons and ligaments: | tendons anchor muscle to bone, ligaments anchor bones to bones |
| Flexion | bend |
| Extension | straighten |
| Abduction | away |
| Adduction | toward |
| Rotation | turn on axis |
| Circumduction | circular |
| Supination | face upward |
| Pronation | face down |
| Hyperextension | overextension |
| Inversion | inward |
| Eversion | outward |
| Function of occipitofrontalis: | raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead |
| Function of corrugator supercilii: | wrinkles forehead vertically |
| Function of orbicularis oris: | opens mouth |
| Function of zygomaticus: | elevates corners of mouth |
| Function of orbicularis oculi: | opens and closes eyelid |
| Function of buccinator: | smiling and blowing |
| These muscles are used in mastication: | masseter, temporalis, pterygoids |
| Function of sternocleidomastoid: | flexes head |
| Function of semispinalis capitis: | extends head |
| Function of splenius capitis: | extends, bends, rotates head to contracting side |
| Function of longissimus capitis: | extends, bends, rotates head to contracting side |
| Function of trapezius: | extends head |
| Muscles of upper extremities: | biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, trapezius |
| Muscles of the trunk: | external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum |
| Respiratory muscles: | diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals |
| Muscles of the thigh: | gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae, abductor brevis, abductor longus, abductor magnus, gracilis, ilipsoas, rectus femoris |
| Muscles of lower extremities: | thigh muscles, hamstring group, quadriceps group, sartorius, tibialis anterior, peroneus group, gastrocnemius, soleus, extensor digitorum longus |
| Arthrocentesis | injection and/or aspiration of joint |
| Arthrodesis | surgical immobilization of joint |
| Hallux valgus | bunion - abnormal increase in size of metatarsal head that results in displacement of great toe |
| Chondral | referring to cartilage |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome - compression of medial nerve |
| Colles' Fracture | fracture at lower end of radius that displaces bone posteriorly |
| Fasciectomy | removal of band of fibrous tissue |
| Ganglion | knot or knotlike mass |
| Kyphosis | humpback |
| Lamina | flat plate |
| Lordosis | anterior curve of spine |
| Lumbodynia | pain in lumbar area |
| Lysis | releasing |
| Osteoarthritis | degenerative condition of articular cartilage |
| Osteoclast | absorbs or removes bone |
| Scoliosis | lateral curve of spine |
| Spondylitis | inflammation of vertebrae |
| Subluxation | partial dislocation |
| Synchondrosis | union between two bones |
| Tenodesis | suturing of a tendon to a bone |
| Tenorrhaphy | suture repair of tendon |
| Compound Fracture | open fracture - broken bone penetrates skin |
| Simple Fracture | closed fracture - broken bone doesn't penetrate skin |
| 4 types of treatment for broken bone: | reduction, closed reduction, immobilization, traction |
| Strain | partial tear of a tendon |
| Sprain | tearing or rupture of some part of musculature caused by overuse or overextension |
| Osteomyelitis | bone infection |
| Osteoporosis | decreased bone mass and density common in postmenopausal women and elderly |
| Osteomalacia | softened bones in adults |
| Rickets | softened growing bones in children |
| Paget's Disease | osteitis deformans - abnormal bone remodeling and resorption resulting in enlarged, soft bones |
| 3 types of spinal curvatures: | lordosis (swayback), kyphosis (humpback), scoliosis (lateral curve) |
| Spina Bifida | congenital abnormality - vertebrae do not close correctly around the spinal cord |
| OA | osteoarthritis - degenerative wear of joints |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis - progressive inflammatory connective tissue disease of the joints |
| Lyme disease is an example of: | septic arthritis |
| Gout | inflammatory arthritis of great toe |
| AS | ankylosing spondylitis - inflammatory disease of vertebral joints |
| Polymyositis | general muscle inflammation causing weakness |
| 4 types of bone tumors (base on origin): | osteogenic (bone cells), chondrogenic (cartilage cells), collagenic (fibrous tissue cells), myelogenic (marrow cells) |
| Osteoma | benign bone tumor |
| Chondroblastoma | rare, usually benign cartilage tumor |
| Osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of long bones usually in young adults |
| Multiple Myeloma | malignant plasma cells in skeletal system and soft tissue, progressive and generally fatal |
| Chondrosarcoma | malignant cartilage tumor |
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | rare muscle tumor |
Created by:
dropgallow
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