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MT CHAP 9 URINARY
medical terms and anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| homeostasis | Process to maintain a constant internal environment |
| Kidneys | Filter blood to remove waste and excess water |
| Renal | Pertaining to the kidney |
| Cortex | outer region of the kidney |
| Medulla | inner region of the kidney and it contains most of the urine collecting tubules |
| Hilum | Indentation of the kidney where the renal artery and renal vein enter |
| nephron | Microscopic functional units of the kidney |
| glomerulus | Little ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron |
| Bowman's capsule | Top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus |
| Filtration | blood enters the kidney with waste products which are filtered out in the nephron |
| Renal pelvis | funnel shaped area of the kidney where newly formed urine collects |
| creatinine | Waste product of muscle metabolism filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in the urine |
| ureter | Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| Bladder | Hollow muscular organ which holds the urine before it is excreted |
| Rugae | Folds that allow bladder to expand and contract |
| Void | Urination |
| urethra | Single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body |
| Urinary meatus | External opening of the urethra |
| Urine | 95%water and 5% other wastes |
| cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder |
| nephritis | Inflammation of the kidney |
| Renal Calculi | Presence of renal stone or stones caused by mineral buildup in the kidneys |
| Renal Failure | Inability of the kidneys to perform their functions |
| polyuria | Condition of excessive urination |
| oliguria | Scanty production of urine |
| anuria | Absence of urine formation |
| pyuria | Presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection |
| nocturia | Urination at night |
| dysuria | Painful urination |
| hematuria | Presence of blood in the urine |
| nocturnal enuresis | Bed wetting during sleep |
| incontinence | Involuntary discharge of urine or feces |
| Urinary retention | Inability to empty the bladder |
| pyelonephritis | Inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | Invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the structures of the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include |
| cystoscopy | Examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope |
| urinalysis (UA) | Physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine |
| specific gravity (SpGr) | Measure of the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine |
| nitrite | Chemical test used to detect bacteria in the urine |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood - a high value indicates the kidney's inability to excrete urea |
| urine culture and sensitivity (C & S) | Isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium that propagates the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, and drugs to which they are sensitive are listed |
| hemodialysis | Method to remove impurities by pumping the patient's blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer) |
| peritoneal dialysis | Method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; catheter insertion in the peritoneal cavity is required to deliver cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles |
| Foley catheter | Indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag - can remain in place for an extended time |
| suprapubic catheter | Indwelling catheter inserted directly into the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone; includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag - used in patients requiring long-term catheterization |
| kidney transplant | graft of a donor kidney to replace a failed kidney |
| lithotripsy | to crush a stone |
| nephro/o, ren/o | Kidneys |
| pyel/o | Renal pelvis |
| ur/o, urin/o | Urine |
| ureter/o | Ureters |
| cyst/o | Urinary Bladder |
| urethr/o | Urethra |
| prostat/o | Prostate |
Created by:
cudawn
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