Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP12
The Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The passage of substances across and into tissues |
| Borborygmus | Audible abdominal sound produced by hyperactive intestinal peristalsis |
| Amylase | An enzyme that breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules |
| Constipation | Difficulty in passing stools, or an incomplete or infrequent passage of hard stools |
| Bile | A bitter, yellow-green secretion of the liver |
| Diarrhea | The frequent passage of loose, watery stools |
| Chyme | The liquidlike material of partially digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach just before it is released into the duodenum |
| Dyspepsia | A vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating (fullness, heartburn, bloating, nausea) |
| Crown | The part of the tooth that is visible above the gum line |
| Emaciation | Excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition |
| Deciduous Teeth | Baby teeth; primary teeth |
| Emesis | The material expelled from the stomach during vomiting (AKA: vomitus) |
| Defecation | The act of expelling feces from the rectum through the anus |
| Eructation | The act of bringing up air from the stomach with a sound through the mouth |
| Deglutition | Swallowing |
| Flatus/Flatulence | Air or gas in the intestine that is passed through the rectum |
| Dietitian | An allied health professional trained to plan nutrition programs |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux | Backflow of content of the stomach into the esophagus that is often the result of incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter |
| Digestion | The process of altering the chemical and physical composition of food so that it can be used by the body cells. (Occurs in digestive tract) |
| Icterus | Yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eyes caused by greaer than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood (AKA: Jaundice) |
| Enamel | A hard, white substance that covers the dentin of the crown of a tooth (Hardest substance in the body) |
| Nausea | An unpleasant sensation often leading to the urge to vomit |
| Endocrine Gland | A gland that secretes its enzmes directly into the blood capillaries instead of being transported by way of ducts |
| Exocrine Gland | A gland that secretes its enzymes into a network of tiny ducts that transport it to the surface of an organ, tissue, or into a vessel |
| Pruritus Ani | Chronic condition of itching of the skin around the anus |
| Gastroenterologist | Specialist in the study of diseases and disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract |
| Steatorrhea | Greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces |
| Gavage | A procedure in which liquid or semiliquid food is introduced into the stomach through a tube |
| Gingivae | Gum tissue |
| Anal Fistula | An abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus, usually connecting with the rectum |
| Glucagon | Hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose when the blood sugar level is dangerously low |
| Aphthous Stomatitus | Small, inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesions occurring on the lips, tongue, and inside cheeks of mouth (AKA: Canker Sores) |
| Glucose | A simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruits, and major source of energy occurring in human and animal body fluids |
| Celiac Disease | Nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa |
| Glycogen | A complex sugar (starch) that is the major carbohydrate stored in animal cells. It is formed from glucose and stored chiefly in the liver, and, to a lesser extent in muscle cells |
| Cirrhosis | Chronic, degenerative liver disease that causes injury to the hepatocytes. (Hepatocytes are functional cells of the liver) |
| Glycogenesis | The conversion of simple sugar (glucose) into a complex form of sugar (starch) for storage in the liver |
| Colorectal Cancer | Presence of malignant neoplasm in the large intestine |
| Glycogenolysis | The breakdown of glycogen into glucose by the liver, releasing it back into the circulating blood in response to a very low blood sugar level |
| Hepatocyte | Liver Cell |
| Chrohn's Disease | Digestive tract inflammation of a chronic nature causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia |
| Ileum | The distal portion of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the cecum |
| Dental Caries | Tooth decay caused by acid-forming microorganisms |
| Mastication | Chewing, tearing, or grinding food with the teeth while it becomes mixed with saliva |
| Dysentery | Painful intestinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food containing bacteria, protozoa, parasites, or chemical irritants |
| Nutritionist | An allied health professional who studies and applies the principles and science of nutrition |
| Gallstones (Cholelithiasis) | Pigmented or hardened cholesterol stones formed as a result of bile crystallization |
| Hemorrhoids | Unnaturally distended or swollen vein in the distal rectum or anus |
| Pancreas | Elongated organ (6-9" long)located in ULQ, that secretes various substances such as digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon |
| Hepatitis | Acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection, drugs, alcohol, toxins, or parasites |
| Pharynx | Throat |
| Hernia | Irregular protrusion of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavity's muscular wall |
| Rectum | Portion of the large intestine (12cm long) with the descending sigmoid colon (just proximal to anal canal) |
| Intussusception | Telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine, causing an obstruction |
| Rugae | A ridge or fold that presents large folds in the mucous membrane of that organ |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Increased mortility of small or large intestinal wall, resulting in abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, and trapping of gas throughout intestines |
| Saliva | The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the salivary and mucous glands in the mouth |
| Oral Leukoplakia | Precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth |
| Salivary Glands | One of the three pairs of glands secreting into the mouth, thus aiding the digestive process |
| Sigmoid Colon | Portion of the colon that extends from the end of the descending colon in the pelvis to the juncture of the rectum |
| Sphincter | Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening in the body |
| Stomach | The major organ of digestion, located LUQ and divided into a body and a pylorus |
| Uvula | The small, cone-shaped process suspended in the mouth from the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate |
| Achlorhydria | Abnormal condition characterized by the absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice |
| Anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
| Aphagia | Loss of ability to swallow |
| Ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. (The fluid contains large amounts of protein and electrolytes) |
| Peptic Ulcers | Break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of hyperacidity |
| Colorectal Polyps | Small growths projecting from the mucous membrane of the colon or rectum |
| Thrush | Fungal infection in the mouth and throat producing sore, creamy white, slightly raised curdlike patches on the tongue and other oral mucosal surfaces |
| Ulcerative Colitis | Chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon in the form of ulcers |
| Abdominocentesis (Paracentesis) | Insertion of a needle or trochar into the abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid, with the person in a sitting position |
| Oral Cholecystography | Visualization of the gallbladder through x-ray following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye |
| Colonoscopy | Direct visualization of the lining of the large intestine using a fiberoptic colonoscope |
| Gastric Lavage | The irrigation or washing out of the stomach with sterile water or a saline solution |
| Cholecystectomy | Surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| Herniorrhaphy | surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect using sutures, mesh, or wire |
| Small Bowel Follow Through | Oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, which flows through the GI system. X-rays are obtained at timed intervals to observe the progression of the barium through the small intestine |
Created by:
sanzijessica
Popular Medical sets