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ap government voca
chapter 14 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| judicial review | the power of the courts to declare acts of the legislature anfd of the excutive to be unconstitutional and hence null and void |
| strict constructionist approach | the veiw that judges ahould decide cases on the basis of the language of the constitution |
| activist approach | the veiw that judges should discern the general principles underlying the constitution |
| constitutional court | a federal court excersing the judicial powers found in article 3 of the constitution and whose judges are given constitutional protection |
| courts of appeals | the federal courts with the authority to reveiw decisions by federal district courts regulatory commissions and certain other federal courts |
| district courts | the lowest federal courts where federal cases begin |
| legislative courts | the court that is created by congress for some specialized purpose and staffed with judges who do not enjoy the protection of article 3 of the constitution |
| litmus test | in chemistry a way of finding weather a liquids is acid or alkaline (in terms of politics its a test of ideological power ) |
| federal- question cases | cases concerning the constitution ,federal law,or treaties over which the federal courts have jurisdiction as described in the constitution |
| diversity cases | cases involving citizens of diffrent states over which the federal courts have jurisdiction as described in the constitution |
| civil law | the bidy of rules defining relationships amomg private ciitizens |
| criminal law | the body of rules definig offenses that though they harm an individual |
| writ of certiorari | an order issued by a higher court to a lower to send up the record of a case for review |
| in forma pauperis | a procedure whereby a poor person can file and be heard in court as a pauper ,free of charge |
| fee shiftiing | a law or rule that allows the plaintiff to collect its legal costs from the defendant if the defendant loses |
| plantiff | the party that initiates a lawsuit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his or her rights |
| standing | a legal concept establishing who is entitled to bring a lawsuit to court |
| soverign immunity | a doctrine that citizen cannot sue the government without its consient. |
| class-action suit | a case brought into court by a person on behalf of not only himself or herself but all other persons in the counrty under smaller circumstances |
| brief | a legal document prepared by an attorney reprsenting a party before a court |
| amicus curiae | refers to interested groups or individuals,not direstly involved in a suit |
| per curiam opinion | a brief ,unsigned opinion issued by the supreme court to explain its ruling |
| opinion of the court | a supreme court opinion written by one or more justices in the majority to explain the decision in case |
| concurring opinon | a supreme court opinon by which one or more justicies who agree with the majorities conclusion but for diffrent reasons |
| dissenting opinon | a supreme court by one or more justicies in the minority to explain the minoritys disagreement with the courts ruling |
| stare decisis | the practice of basing judicial decisions on precedents established in similar cases decided in the past |
| ploitical question | an issue that the supreme court refuses to consider becasue it belives the constitution has left it entirely to another branch to decide |
| remedey | a judicial order preventing or redressing a wrong or enforcing a right |
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