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CPC-EndocrineSystem
CPC Study - Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Endocrine system affects these 3 things: | growth, development, metabolism |
| This master gland is located in the sella turcica and secretes hormones: | Pituitary gland (hypophysis) |
| Where is the sella turcica located? | the base of the brain |
| The anterior pituitary secretes these hormones: | ACTH, FSH, GH (STH), LH, MSH, TSH, PRL |
| The posterior pituitary secretes these hormones: | ADH, OT |
| What is ACTH and what does it do? | adrenocorticotropic hormone - stimulates adrenal cortex and increases production of cortisol |
| What is FSH and what does it do? | follicle-stimulating hormone - stimulates sperm and testosterone production in males; stimulates secretion of estrogen, follicle development and ovulation |
| What is GH (or STH) and what does it do? | growth hormone (somatotropin hormone) - stimulates protein processing resulting in growth of bones, muscle, fat metabolism and maintains blood glucose levels |
| What is LH and what does it do? | luteinizing hormone - stimulates testosterone production in males; secretion of progesterone and estrogen in women |
| What is MSH and what does it do? | melanocyte-stimulating hormone - increases skin pigmentation |
| What is PRL and what does it do? | prolactin - stimulates milk production and breast development |
| What is TSH and what does it do? | thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) - stimulates thyroid gland |
| What is ADH and what does it do? | antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) - stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney tubules and increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles |
| What is OT and what does it do? | oxytocin - stimulates contractions during childbirth, production and release of milk |
| This bilobed gland overlies the trachea, secretes 2 hormones that increase cell metabolism and 1 that decreases blood calcium: | thyroid |
| What are the T3 and T4 hormones and what do they do? | thyroxine and trilodothyronine - increase cell metabolism |
| What does thyrocalcitonin do? | decreases blood calcium |
| How many parathyroid glands are there, where are they located and what do they do? | 4 - posterior side of thyroid - secrete PTH (parathyroid hormone) which promotes calcium homeostatis in bloodstream |
| How many adrenal glands are there, where are they located? | 2 - on top of each kidney |
| This part of an adrenal gland secretes corticosteroids: | adrenal cortex (outer region) |
| 5 corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal cortex: | cortisol (increases blood glucose), aldosterone (increases reabsorption of sodium), androgen, estrogen, progestin (sexual characteristics) |
| This is the part of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines: | adrenal medulla (inner region) |
| What 2 catecholamines are secreted by the adrenal medulla and what do they do? | epinephrine - dilates blood vessels to lower blood pressure, increase heart rate, dilate bronchial tubes, release glycogen for energy; norepinephrine - constricts blood vessels to raise blood pressure |
| This gland is located behind the stomach, contains islets of Langerhans and produces insulin, glucagon, somatostatin: | pancreas |
| What do islets of Langerhans produce? | insulin and glycogen hormones |
| T-lymphocytes are produced in this gland: | thymus |
| The thalamus and pituitary are stimulated by this gland located between them: | hypothalamus |
| Where is the pineal located and what does it do? | between two cerebral hemispheres and above third ventricle - secretes melatonin (affects sleep cycle), responsible for delaying sexual maturation in children, also contains neurotransmitters |
| What is HCG and what does it do? | human chorionic gonadotropin (secreted by placenta) - sustains pregnancy |
| Name the body's endocrine glands | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid (4), adrenal (2), pancreas, thymus, hyopthalamus, pineal, ovaries (2), placenta, testes (2) |
| Isthmus | connection of two regions or structures |
| Thyroglossal duct | a duct in embryo between thyroid and posterior tongue which occasionally persists into adult life and causes cysts, fistulas, sinuses |
| What causes diabetes mellitus? | deficiency in insulin production or poor use of insulin by body cells |
| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | onset before 30 (peak onset, age 12). Includes beta islet cell destruction, ketoacidosis. Requires insulin. |
| Which type of diabetes is insulin-dependent? | Type 1 |
| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Adult onset, after age 30. Insidious onset/asymptomatic. 85% are obese at onset. Insulin is present, no ketoacidosis. Treated by dietary mgmt, hypoglycemics, and/or insulin |
| Most common cause of pituitary disorders: | tumors |
| 4 pituitary disorders and their causes: | hypopituitarism (dwarfism) - deficiency in somatotropin, hyperpituitarism (gigantism) - excess of somatotropin, acromegaly - increased GH in adulthood, diabetes insipidus - insufficent antidiuretic hormone |
| This is the enlargement of thyroid gland in the neck | goiter |
| 2 names for hyperthyroidism: | thyrotoxicosis, Grave's disease |
| Cushing Syndrome | hypercortisolism - excess levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| Addison's Disease | primary adrenal insufficiency - deficiency of adrenocortical hormones resulting from destruction of adrenal glands |
| Hyperaldosteronism | excess aldosterone secreted by adrenal cortex |
| Another name for primary hyperaldosteronism: | Conn's syndrome |
| Pheochromocytoma | benign tumor of adrenal medulla |
| Causes of goiter: | hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism |
| Hashimoto's thyroiditis | auto-immune hypothyroidism |
| Tetany can be caused by this endocrine disorder: | hypoparathyroidism |
| Conn's Syndrome | primary hyperaldosteronism |
Created by:
dropgallow
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