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cardio exam
cadiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what 2 things cause blood to become more thicker than water | plasma proteins and blood cells |
| what percentage of plasma is water | 91% |
| what 2 materials are dissolved in plasma and then transported | nutrients and waste products |
| what are 2 types of hemopoietic tissue | red bone marrow & lymphatic tissue |
| what are red blood cells called & what is their shape | erythrocytes (biconcave) |
| what intracellular structure is missing on red blood cells | nucleus |
| what protein in the red blood cells carries oxygen | hemoglobin |
| what blood test do we use to measure the amt of red blood cells | hematocrit |
| what are stem cells in red bone marrow called that will eventually become red blood cells | hemocytoblast |
| how many days do red bone marrow cells live | 120 days |
| old red blood cells are macrophaged and stored in the | liver |
| the heme portion of the recycling is converted to | bilirubin |
| this is excreted into into the form of | bile |
| ABO blood type has what 4 blood types | A, B, AB, O |
| is the RH factor always present | no |
| what are the 3 types of granular white blood cells called | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| what are the 2 types of agranular white blood cells called | lymphocytes & monocytes |
| if a person has a high white blood cell count they might have what | infection |
| what is the medical term for high WBC | leukocytosis |
| what is the medical term for low WBC | leukopenia |
| platelets are fragments of cells called | megakaryocytes |
| platelets are necessary for the prevention of blood loss which is also called | homeostasis |
| besides cells, what also makes up a clot | fibrin |
| what is the outside layer of the pericardium called | fibrous |
| what is the middle layer called | parietal |
| what is the inside called | visceral (aka epicardium) |
| the heart has 4 chambers - what are the upper 2 chambers called | atriums |
| what are the lower 2 chambers called | ventricles |
| the chambers are lined with a simple squamous epithelium called | endocardium |
| blood flowing into the heart from the vena cava - is it high or low in oxygen | low |
| blood flowing to the pulmonary vein | high |
| blood flowing to the aorta | high |
| when the coronary artery becomes obstructed & deprive myocardium of oxygen, this is called | ischemic |
| when the cells begin to die because of lack of oxygen this is called | myocardial infarction |
| when the atriums contract and the ventrials contract this is called | heartbeat |
| what about a cardiac cycle | sequence of events in 1 heartbeat |
| what 2 parts of the conduction system bring about atrial contraction | SA node & AV node |
| what 3 parts parts bring about ventricular contraction | Bundle of His, bundle branches & purkinje fibers |
| what does the term systole mean | contraction |
| what does the term diastole mean | relaxation |
| heart rate consisently less than 60 beats/min | bradycardia |
| heart rate consistently greater than 100 beats/min | tachycardia |
| the electrical activity of the heart may be depicted by what simple test | EKG |
| what are the 3 layers of an artery or a vein (must have word tunica in front of ea one) | tunica externa (outside); tunica media (middle); tunica intima (inside) |
| endothelium folds within what structures to prevent backflow of tunica intima | valves & veins |
| what is the purpose of anastomoses | detour around blocked vessels |
| capillaries are the site of exchange of material between blood & tissue around it (true or false) | true |
| because capillary blood pressure is higher, what process occurs with forced plasma & dissolved nutrients out of capillaries into tissue fluid | filtration |
| define pulmonary circulation | blood flow from heart to lungs & blood flow from lungs back to heart with gases being exchanged |
| in hepatic circulation, blood from the digestive organs & spleen circulate to what organ | the liver before it goes back to the heart |
| the fetus is connected to the placenta by the umbilical cord which has how many arteries & veins | 2 arteries & 1 vein |
| the vessels allow for exchange of materials by what 2 processes | diffusion & active transport |
| what is the definition of peripheral resistance | resistance a blood vessel puts on the flow of blood |
| what is normal ph of blood | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| what artery do you listen to when listen to a BP | brachial artery |
| if a person has an irregular heart beat, they are said to have | arrhythmias or dysrhythmias |
| define cyanosis | blue coloration due to lack of oxygen |
| name 2 tests to evaluate coronary artery diseas | treadmill and angiogram |
| what disease is best defined as chest pain after exertion | angina pectoris |
| what are 2 etiologies for cardiac arrest | anoxia & interruption of electrical stimuli |
| list 3 signs of congestive heart failure | enlarged heart; abdominal edema; edema of legs & feet |
| what is the medical term for right side heart failure | Cor Pulmonale |
| how would you define cardio genic shock | inadequate output of blood by the heart |
| what condition is the compression of heart muscle & restriction of heart & its movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in pericardial sac | Cardiac Tamponade |
| emboli are usually made of blood - can you name 3 other things that form an emboli | air; pieces of tissue; fat |
| is surgical repair the only way we can treat an aneurysm | no (we sometimes do conservative observation only) |
| what condition will result in a measureable difference of an affected leg vs the other leg | Thrombophlebitis |
| what are varicose veins | swollen, knotted veins in lower legs |
| True or false - Buerger's Disease is an inflammation of peripheral arteries & veins with formations of clots | True |
| Raynaud's Disease is what kind of condition of fingers, hand & feet | vasospastic condition |
| List 4 types of anemias | iron deficient; folic acid deficiency; pernicious; aplastic |
| the most severe transfusion reaction is due to an incompatability & are charaterized by what 2 things | hemolysis & agglutination |
| how do you get Classic Hemophilia | hereditary (is a deficiency of clotting factors) |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation is what 2 things happening | bleeding & clotting |
| Hodgkin Disease (aka Hodgin Lymphoma) is what kind of disease of body lymphatic system | cancer |
| what blood type is universal donor | O |
| what blood type is the universal recipient | AB |
| what chambers of the heart receive blood from arteries | none |
| in the pulmonary semilunar valve is the blood high or low | low |
Created by:
pmm
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