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PIMA BIO130
CHP8 Skeletal; Cranial Bones and Their Markings; Sphenoid
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sphenoid | Keystone of the cranial floor; forms its midportion; resembles a bat with wings outstretched and legs extended downward posteriorly; lies behind and slightly above the nose and throat; forms part of the floor and sidewalls of the orbit |
| Body | Hollow, cubelike central portion |
| Greater wings | Lateral projections from the body; form part of the outer wall of the orbit |
| Lesser wings | Thin, triangular projections from the upper part of the sphenoid body; form the posterior part of the roof of the orbit |
| Sella turcica | Saddle-shaped depression on the upper surface of the sphenoid body; contains, the pituitary gland; literally "turkish saddle" |
| Sphenoid sinuses | Irregular mucosa-lined, air-filled spaces within the central part of the sphenoid |
| Pterygoid processes | Downward projections on either side where the body and greater wing unite; comparable to the extended legs of a bat if the entire bone is likened to this animal; form part of the lateral nasal wall |
| Optic foramen | Opening into the orbit at the root of the lesser wing; transmits the optic nerve |
| Superior orbital fissure | Slitlike opening into the orbit; lateral to the optic foramen; transmits the third, fourth, and part of the fifth cranial nerves |
| Foramen rotundum | Opening in the greater wing that transmits the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve |
| Foramen ovale | Opening in the greater wing that transmits the mandibular division of the fifth cranial nerve |
| Foramen lacerum | Opening at the junction of the sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones; transmits a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery |
| Foramen spinosum | Opening in the greater wing that transmits the middle meningeal artery to supply the meninges |