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Chapter 9 HumanGeo
Development in Human Geography
Question | Answer |
---|---|
a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology | Development |
a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development | More Developed Country |
a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development | Least Developed Country |
indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the U.N., combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy | Human Development Index |
the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally a year) | gross domestic product |
the portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry | primary sector |
the portion of the economy concerned with manufactering useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials | secondary sector |
the portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment | tertiary sector |
the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it | productivity |
the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energuy | value added |
the percentage of a country's people who can read and write | literacy rate |
compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes | gender related development index |
compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making | gender empowerment measure |
promotes international trade works to reduce barriers to internation trade by reducing or eliminating international trade restrictions and reducing/eliminating restrictions on the international trade movement | World Trade Organization |
investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country | foreign direct investment |
one of the major lenders to LDCS includes the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development and the Internation Development Association | The World Bank |
provides loans to countries experiencing balance-of-payments problems that threaten expansion of international trade | The International Monetary Fund (IMF) |
economic policies imposed on LDC by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing gov. spending, control inflation, selling publicy owned utlities to private corporations | structural adjustment program |
alternative to international trade that emphasizes small business and worker-owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum enviromental and safety standards | fair trade |
1) The Traditonal Society 2)The Preconditions for Takeoff 3)The Takeoff 4)The Drive to Maturity 5)The Age of Mass Consumption | Rostow's Development Model |
the 1st countries to adopt international trade alternative were South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong lacking many resources,promoted development by concentration on producing a handful of manufactered goods | The Four Dragons |