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CJU: Ch 5 Vocab
Criminal justice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Barron v. Baltimore (1833) | The protections of the Bill of Rights apply only to actions of the federal government. |
| Aggressive patrol | A patrol strategy designed to maximize the number of police interventions and observations in the community. |
| Clearance rate | The percentage of crimes known to the police that they believe they have solved through an arrest; a statistic used to measure a police department’s productivity. |
| Differential response | A patrol strategy that assigns priorities to calls for service and chooses the appropriate response |
| Directed patrol | A proactive form of patrolling that directs resources to known high-crime areas |
| Incident-driven policing | Policing in which calls for service are the primary instigators of action |
| Line functions | Police components that directly perform field operations and carry out the basic functions of patrol, investigation, traffic, vice, juvenile, and so on |
| Preventive patrol | Making the police presence known, to deter crime and to make officers available to respond quickly to calls |
| Proactive | Acting in anticipation, such as an active search for potential offenders that is initiated by the police without waiting for a crime to be reported. Arrests for crimes without victims are usually proactive |
| Problem | oriented policing An approach to policing in which officers routinely seek to identify, analyze, and respond to the circumstances underlying the incidents that prompt citizens to call the police |
| Reactive | Occurring in response, such as police activity in response to notification that a crime has been committed |
| Socialization | The process by which the rules, symbols, and values of a group or subculture are learned by its members |
| Subculture | The symbols, beliefs, values, and attitudes shared by members of a subgroup of the larger society |
| Sworn officers | Police employees who have taken an oath and been given powers by the state to make arrests and use necessary force, in accordance with their duties. |
| Working personality | A set of emotional and behavioral characteristics developed by members of an occupational group in response to the work situation and environmental influences. |
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