Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSYC 214: Ch. 5
Neuroendocrinology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hormones --------- behavior, not change it | modulate |
| behavior affects ----------- | hormones |
| autocrine | released chemical acts on the cell itself; aka: secretes an endocrine cell that has an affect on itself |
| paracrine | chemical diffuses to nearby target cells; aka: secretes an endocrine cell that affects other nearby cells |
| hormones are manufactured by ------ ---- & ------ | endocrine glands & neurons |
| hormonal communication is ---- ------- than neuronal communication at the synapse, but it can be ------- ------/------ than neuronal changes that are made | much slower; longer lasting/chronic |
| hormones travel through the- | blood stream |
| hormones affect: | other glands neurons biological tissue |
| neuroendocrinology | the interaction between the brain & hormones |
| the ------------- is the "orchestrator" of hormonal functions | hypothalamus |
| main endocrine glands: | pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland: anterior pituitary & posterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands: adrenal cortex & adrenal medulla, pancreas, gonads |
| neurocrine hormones are ----------- a neurotransmitter, but ------------ a hormone. | functionally; chemically |
| endocrine cell | something releasing a hormone |
| target cell | any cell that has a receptor for the hormone "targetting" it |
| neuroendocrine | transduction of a neural signal into a hormonal signal |
| endocrine hormone travels throught the- | bloodstream toward a target cell |
| neurocrine hormone involved in communication at the -------- | synapse |
| pheromonal (hormonal action): | between individuals of the same species |
| allohormonal (hormonal action): | between individuals of different species; most common with insects who use it to "bait" other species of insects |
| the interaction between the hypothalamus & pituitary gland regulates the- | thyroid gland, major components of the adrenal glands, & the gonads |
| hypothalamus is made up of- | various groups of nuclei (neurosecretory cells) |
| --------- of hormones allows for modulations of hormonal responses | feedback |
| pituitary gland's 2 main parts: | posterior & anterior |
| hypothalamus & posterior pituitary interaction | hormones, specifically neuropeptides (OT & AVP),are made in the hypothalamus, projected into the posterior pituitary (through the pituitary stalk or infundibulum), then released by the posterior pituitary, via capillaries, into the bloodstream. |
| the 2 groups of nuclei in the hypothalamus in which AVP & OT are manufactured are: | supraoptic (SON) nuclei, paraventricular (PVN) nuclei |
| what connects the hypothalamus & the posterior pituitary? | pituitary stalk or infundibulum |
| once AVP or OT has been released into the bloodstream by the posterior pituitary, they can then go to: | target tissue (peripheral effects-happening in the body), or back to the brain (central effects-happening in the brain). |
| central effects | can go back into the brain after having been released into the bloodstream. |
| AVP (arginine vasopressin) is involved with: | water balance-peripheral; social behaviors-central. |
| OT (oxytocin) is involved with: | uterine contractions-peripheral; milk-letdown response-peripheral; social behaviors-central |
| AVP & OT have a ------------- effect on the body & they ----------- parental behaviors | physiological; facilitate |
| OT is made in the ---------- & secreted into the bloodstream by the -------- ---------- | hypothalamus; posterior pituitary. |
| hormone secretion: response to environmental stimuli (social behavioral response): OT-milk letdown response (physiological response) is an example of- | OT (oxytocin) facilitating a response |
| negative feedback | output of that hormone "feeds back" to inhibit the drive for more of that same hormone. |
| tropic hormones | anterior pituitary hormones that go to the target endocrine glands who release it into the bloodstream. |
| seasonal rhythms | many animals have seasonal mating- so sex hormones are released in response to the season; the same amounts are not released year round. |
| testosterone has a threshold functioning. what does that mean? | a certain amount of testosterone has to be produced in order to reach the threshold for it to have an effect. |
| if a testosterone agonist (like a steroid) is introduced into the body, what will it do to the production of the GnRH hormone? & why? | it will slow the production of it; because the axons will shut down from negative feedback. |
| an increase of any hormone into the bloodstream takes longer than any --------- ----------. | synaptic transmission/communication |
| hypothalamus & anterior pituitary interaction is a 3 step process: | 1)-hypothalamus sends out a releasing hormone to the anterior pituitary. 2)-anterior pituitary then releases tropic hormones to the target endocrine glands. 3)-the target endocrine glands then release those tropic hormones into the bloodstream. |
| gonads produce: | gametes & the necessary steriod hormones |
| gonads are regulated by the: | hypothalamus, which produces GnRH |
| anterior pituitary produces: | LH (luteinizing hormone) or FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) <<< tropic hormones |
| in females LH stimulates production of -----------; in males LH stimulates production of ---------. | progesterone; testosterone. |
| in males, LH triggers Leydig cells to | produce testosterone & other androgens |
| in males, FSH triggers Sertoli cells to | produce sperm |
Created by:
thisisjekyll
Popular Neuroscience sets