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A & P I - Chp7
The Skull
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| protects the brain | cranium |
| forms superior, lateral, posterior surfaces & forehead | cranial vault |
| forms inferior aspect of skull | base |
| forms framework of face, sense organs, & teeth | facial bones |
| 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 frontal, 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid | cranial bones (8) |
| forms anterior part of cranium; joins posteriorly w/parietal bones via coronal suture; shell-shaped | frontal bone |
| supraorbital margins, supraorbital notch, anterior cranial fossa, & frontal sinuses are __ __ of frontal bone | major markings |
| parietal bones form __ & __ aspect of skull | superior; lateral |
| coronal, sagittal, lambdoid & squamous | sutures associated w/parietal bones |
| located btwn parietal & frontal bones | coronal suture |
| located btwn right & left parietal bones | sagittal suture |
| located btwn parietal & occipital bones | lambdoid suture |
| located btwn parietal & temporal bones; scale-like suture, one w/opposing margins that are scale-like & overlapping | squamous suture |
| forms most of skull's posterior wall & base; articulates anteriorly w/paired parietal & temporal bones via lamboid & occipitomastoid sutures | occipital bone |
| foramen magnum is located in __ bone, considered major marking | occipital |
| foramen magnum, occipital condyles, hypoglossal canal, external occipital protuberance, & posterior cranial fossa are all | major markings of occipital bone |
| first cervical vertebra makes joint at __ __ | occipital condyles |
| projection from under-surface of basilar portion of occipital bone; , giving attachment to fibrous raphe of pharynx | pharyngeal tubercle |
| 1 of 2 elongated, oval facets on under-surface of occipital bone; 1 on each side of foramen magnum, which articulate w/atlas | occipital condyle |
| large opening in basal part of occipital bone through which spinal cord becomes continuous w/medulla oblongata | foramen magnum |
| depression behind condyle of occipital bone in which posterior margin of superior facet of atlas lies in extension | condylar fossa |
| ridge that extends laterally from external occipital crest, toward jugular process of occipital bone | inferior nuchal line |
| ridge that extends laterally from external occipital protuberance, toward lateral angle of occipital bone | superior nuchal line |
| ridge extending from external occipital protuberance to border of foramen magnum | external occipital crest |
| prominence about center of outer surface of squamous portion of the occipital bone; attachment to ligamentum nuchae | external occipital protuberance |
| relating to basilar process of occipital bone | basioccipital |
| developmental basilar process of occipital bone that unites w/condylar portions around 4th/5th year; becomes basilar part of occipital bone | basioccipital bone |
| nipple-like projection of petrous part of temporal bone | mastoid process |
| anterior process of temporal bone that articulates w/temporal process of zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch | zygomatic process |
| broad, flat, thin (scale-like) anterior & superior portion of temporal bone forming part of lateral wall of cranial vault; vertical part | squamous region |
| smooth portion of mandibular articular fossa & eminence of temporal bone that articulates with disc of temporomandibular joint | articular surface of mandibular fossa |
| portion of petrous part of temporal bone bearing mastoid process | mastoid region |
| medial two thirds, which is formed as tympanic plate of temporal bone develops | external acoustic meatus |
| bony plate forming greater part of anterior wall of bony part of external acoustic meatus & tympanic cavity, & posterior wall of mandibular fossa | tympanic plate of temporal bone |
| temporal bones major markings in squamous region | zygomatic process & mandibular fossa |
| temporal bones major markings in tympanic region | external acoustic meatus & styloid process |
| temporal bones major markings in mastoid region | mastoid process & stylomastoid foramen |
| slender, needle-like, pointed projection running downward & slightly forward from base of inferior surface of petrous portion of temporal bone where it joins the tympanic portion | styloid process |
| distal/external opening of facial canal on inferior surface of petrous portion of temporal bone, btwn styloid & mastoid processes | stylomastoid foramen |
| stylomastoid foramen transmits the | VII N (facial nerve) |
| petrous part of temporal bone forms part of | cranial base btwn occipital & sphenoid bones |
| petrous part of temporal bone, anterior & posterior slopes lie in | middle & posterior cranial fossae |
| petrous part of temporal bone houses __ foramen | jugular |
| passage/fissure between the petrous portion of temporal bone & jugular process of occipital bone | jugular foramen |
| passage through petrous part of temporal bone from its inferior surface upward, medially, & anteriorly to apex where it opens posterior & superior to site of foramen lacerum | carotid canal |
| carotid canal transmits the __ carotid arteries | internal |
| squamous part of temporal bone, epidural space; injury to middle meningeal arteries | epidural hematoma |
| in epidural hematoma, rapid bleeding occurs btwn | outermost membrane covering brain & the bone |
| outermost membrane covering brain | dura |
| injury to veins in subdural space, slower bleeding | subdural hematoma |
| inflammation of mastoid sinuses; infection of mastoid air cells | mastoiditis |
| mastoid process contains mastoid __ | sinuses |
| butterfly-shaped bone, forms part of middle cranial fossa | sphenoid bone |
| short canal through lesser wing of sphenoid bone at apex of orbit that gives passage to optic nerve & ophthalmic artery | optic canal |
| groove on upper surface of sphenoid bone running transversely btwn optic canals bounded anteriorly by sphenoidal limbus & posteriorly by tuberculum sellae | chiasmatic groove |
| one of bilateral pair of triangular, pointed plates extending laterally from anterolateral body of sphenoid bone | lesser wing |
| strong squamous processes extending in broad superolateral curve from body of sphenoid bone | greater wing |
| fossa of sphenoid bone housing pituitary gland; located in sella turcica | hypophyseal fossa |
| posteriorly directed projection that is medial end of sphenoidal ridge (lesser wing of sphenoid) | anterior clinoid process |
| sharp superolateral corners of dorsum sellae that provide attachment for connective tissue fibers that radiate within tentorium cerebelli | posterior clinoid process |
| opening in base of greater wing of sphenoid bone, transmitting maxillary nerve | foramen rotundum |
| large oval opening in base of greater wing of sphenoid bone | foramen ovale |
| opening in base of greater wing of sphenoid bone, anterior to spine of sphenoid | foramen spinosum |
| square portion of bone on body of sphenoid posterior to sella turcica/hypophyseal fossa | dorsum sellae |
| central portion of sphenoid bone from which greater & lesser wings & pterygoid processes arise; sphenoidal sinuses lie within it | sphenoid body |
| sella turcica & hypophyseal fossa house | pituitary gland |
| cleft btwn greater & lesser wings of sphenoid, establishing channel of communication btwn middle cranial fossa & orbit | superior orbital fissure |
| deeply placed, lies btwn sphenoid & nasal bone | ethmoid bone |
| cribriform plate, cista galli, perpendicular plate, lateral masses & nasal conchae, & ethmoid sinuses are | major markings of ethmoid sinuses |
| triangular midline process extending superiorly from cribriform plate; dura attaches | crista galli of ethmoid bone |
| openings in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, transmitting approx 20 bundles of nerve fibers that collectively constitute olfactory nerve (CN I) | olfactory foramen |
| olfactory foramen is also known as | cribriform foramina |
| thin plate of ethmoid bone forming part of medial wall of orbit & lateral wall for ethmoidal labyrinth | orbital plate |
| ethmoidal air cells; evaginations of mucous membrane of middle/superior meatus of nasal cavity into ethmoidal labyrinth, forming multiple small paranasal sinuses; subdivided into anterior, middle & posterior | ethmoidal sinuses |
| thin plate of bone projecting downward from crista galli of ethmoid; it forms part of nasal septum | perpendicular plate |
| middle thin, spongy, bony plate w/curved margins, part of ethmoidal labyrinth, projecting from lateral wall of nasal cavity & separating superior meatus from middle meatus | middle nasal concha |
| horizontal plate from which are suspended labyrinth, on either side, & lamina perpendicularis in center; olfactory nerves pass from nasal cavities to brain | cribriform plate of ethmoid bone |
| supports frontal lobe of brain; frontal bone, lesser wings of sphenoid, cribriform plate of ethmoid | anterior cranial fossa |
| supports temporal lobes; greater wings of sphenoid, anterior slope petrous part of temporal bone | middle cranial fossa |
| supports cerebellum; posterior slope of petrous bone, occipital bone | posterior cranial fossa |
| consists of a body, rami meeting it at angles; lower jaw | mandible |
| coronoid process, mandibular condyle, alveolar margin, mandibular foramen, mental foramen | major markings of mandible |
| synovial articulation btwn head of mandible & mandibular fossa & articular tubercle of temporal bone; fibrocartilaginous articular disc divides joint into 2 cavities | temporomandibular joint |
| smooth portion of the mandibular articular fossa & eminence of temporal bone that articulates with disc of temporomandibular joint | mandibular fossa of temporal bone |
| triangular anterior process of mandibular ramus, giving attachment to temporal muscle | coronoid process of the mandible |
| opening into the mandibular canal on medial surface of ramus of mandible giving passage to inferior alveolar nerve, artery, & vein | mandibular foramen |
| projecting ridge on inferior surface of body of maxilla that contains tooth sockets | alveolar margin of maxilla |
| anterior opening of mandibular canal on body of mandible lateral to & above mental tubercle; gives passage to mental artery & nerve | mental foramen |
| heavy, U-shaped, horizontal portion of mandible extending posteriorly to angle where it is continuous with ramus; it supports lower teeth | body of mandible |
| formed by lower margin of body & posterior margin of ramus of mandible | mandibular angle |
| upturned perpendicular extremity of mandible on either side; it gives attachment on its lateral surface to masseter muscle | ramus of mandible |
| articular process of the ramus of mandible; it includes head & neck of mandible, & pterygoid fovea | mandibular condyle |
| deep notch btwn condylar & coronoid processes of mandible | mandibular notch |
| medially fused bones that make up upper jaw | maxillary bones |
| palatine process, frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar margin, & maxillary sinuses are | major markings of maxillary bones |
| medially directed shelves from maxillae that, w/horizontal plate of palatine bone; form bony palate | palatine process of maxilla |
| upward extension from body of maxilla, which articulates w/frontal bone | frontal process of maxilla |
| rough projection from maxilla that articulates w/zygomatic bone | zygomatic process of maxilla |
| superior aspect of body of mandible, containing tooth sockets of lower jaw | alveolar margin of mandible |
| largest of paranasal sinuses occupying body of maxilla; communicates w/middle meatus of nose | maxillary sinuses |
| paired air-filled cavities in bones of face, lined by mucous membrane continuous with that of nasal cavity | paranasal sinuses |
| paranasal sinuses are found in 5 skull bones | frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, & paired maxillary bones |
| smooth, triangular, slightly concave plate of bone extending posteriorly from body of maxilla to form most of floor of orbit | orbital surface of maxilla |
| external opening of infraorbital canal, on anterior surface of body of maxilla | infraorbital foramen |
| pointed projection at anterior extremity of intermaxillary suture | anterior nasal spine |
| form zygomatic arch w/zygomatic process of temporal bone & form inferolateral margins of orbits | zygomatic bones |
| zygomatic bones are also known as | cheek bones |
| form bridge of nose | nasal bones |
| form part of medial walls of orbit, contain the lacrimal fossa that houses the lacrimal sac | lacrimal bones |
| irregularly rectangular thin plate, forming part of medial wall of orbit posterior to frontal process of maxilla | lacrimal bone |
| lacrimal bone is __ for inferior nasal concha, ethmoid, frontal, & maxillary bones | articulation |
| bone of extremely irregular form on each side of skull; situated in posterior part of nasal cavity btwn maxilla & pterygoid process of sphenoid bone; contains horizontal & vertical (perpendicular) plates | palatine bone |
| __ bone articulates w/maxilla, inferior nasal concha, sphenoid, & ethmoid bones, the vomer & its fellow of the opposite side | palatine |
| joins bone of opposite side & forms back part of hard palate | horizontal plate |
| extended into 3 processes; helps to form floor of orbit, outer wall of nasal cavity, & several adjoining part; extends vertically upward from horizontal lamina | perpendicular plate |
| forms part of nasal septum | vomer |
| form part of lateral walls of nasal cavity | inferior nasal conchae |
| thin, rectangular; formed by orbital plate of ethmoid, lacrimal, frontal, & small part of sphenoid bones; fossa for lacrimal sac lies at its anterior limit | medial wall of orbit |
| triangular wall of orbit formed by zygomatic bone, greater wing of sphenoid bone, & small part of frontal bone; posteriorly it is bounded by superior & inferior orbital fissures | lateral wall of orbit |
| shortest of 4 walls of orbit, sloping upward from orbital margin; it is composed of maxilla & orbital process of palatine bone | floor of orbit |
| formed by orbital plate of frontal bone & lesser wing of sphenoid bone, optic canal opens at its posterior limit; an indentation, fossa for lacrimal gland, is located in anterolateral part of roof | roof of orbit |
| cavity constructed of bone & hyaline cartilage | nasal |
| curved, relatively short, anteroposterior passage on each side of nose that occupies middle 3rd of lateral wall of a nasal | superior meatus |
| curved anteroposterior passage in each nasal cavity; situated below middle nasal concha & extends along entire superior border of inferior nasal conch | middle meatus |
| space extending along lateral wall of nasal cavity btwn inferior nasal concha & floor of nasal cavity | inferior meatus |
| either of 2 air spaces lined w/mucous membrane, each of which lies w/in frontal bone, above one of orbits | frontal sinus |
| upper of 2 thin bony processes of ethmoid bone on lateral wall of each nasal fossa that forms upper boundary of superior meatus of nose | superior nasal concha |
| lower of 2 thin bony processes of ethmoid bone on lateral wall of each nasal fossa that separates superior & middle meatuses of nose | middle nasal concha |
| separate curved bony plate that is largest of the 3 & separates inferior & middle meatuses of nose | inferior nasal concha |
| superior nasal concha & middle nasal concha are part | of the ethmoid bone |
| either of 2 bones of skull that lie in front of frontal bones & are oblong in shape, forming by their junction bridge of nose & partly covering the nasal cavity | nasal bone |
| formed by union of processes of 2 premaxillae & projects upward btwn anterior nares | anterior nasal spine |
| either of 2 membrane bone elements of upper jaw that lie lateral to premaxillae & bear most of teeth | maxillary bone |
| either of 2 irregular cavities in body of sphenoid bone that communicate w/nasal cavities | sphenoid sinus |
| long process extending downward from junction of body & greater wing of sphenoid bone on either side | pterygoid process of sphenoid bone |
| depression in middle line of upper surface of sphenoid bone in which pituitary gland is lodged | sella turcica |
| air enters from nasal cavity & mucus drains into nasal cavity from sinuses | in paranasal sinuses |
| lighten skull & humidify inspired air | function of paranasal sinuses |
| U-shaped bone/complex of bones that is situated btwn base of tongue & larynx; supports tongue, larynx, & their muscles | hyoid bone |
| hyoid bone is only bone in body that | does not articulate directly w/another bone |
| hyoid bone lies just inferior to | mandible in anterior neck |
| larger & more lateral of 2 processes on either side of hyoid bone | greater horn |
| shorter & more medial of 2 processes on either side of hyoid bone | lesser horn |
| part of hyoid bone, from which greater & lesser horns extend | body of hyoid bone |
| body;s most complex bony structure; formed by cranial & facial bones (total of 22) | skull |
| bony protective encasement of brain & organs of hearing & equilibrium | cranium |
| immovable fibrous joint | suture |
| the one exception that all bones of skull are united by sutures | mandible |
| cranium divided into __ & __ | vault; base |
| forms superior, lateral & posterior aspects of skull as well as forehead | cranial vault |
| cranial vault also called | calvaria |
| forms skull's inferior aspect | cranial base |
| internally prominent bony ridges that divide cranial base into anterior, middle, & posterior | fossae |
| brain is said to occupy | cranial cavity |
| brain sits snug in | cranial fossae |
| because __ __ of cranium is curved, it is self-bracing | superior aspect |
| thickened superior margins of orbits that lie under eyebrows | supraorbital margin |
| notch/foramen in bony border of upper inner part of orbit serving for passage of supraorbital nerve, artery, & vein | supraorbital notch |
| smooth prominence btwn eyebrows | glabella |
| line of union of frontal & of 2 nasal bones | frontonasal suture |
| occipital bone joins w/sphenoid bone in cranial floor via its __ __, which bears midline projection called pharyngeal tubercle | basilar region |
| hidden medially & superiorly to each occipital condyle; cranial nerve XII passes | hypoglossal canal |
| sheetlike elastic ligament that connects vertebrae of neck to skull | ligamentum nuchae |
| deep; contributes to cranial base; looks like miniature mountain ridge btwn occipital bone posteriorly & sphenoid anteriorly | petrous part of temporal bone |
Created by:
lfrancois
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