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ANS 214L Lab 5
Central Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cephalo-, crani- | head |
| cerebro-, encephalo- | brain |
| neur- | nerve |
| optic-, opt- | eye |
| ot-, auri- | ear |
| gray matter | contains the cell bodies, nuclei and dendrites of the nerve cells (neurons), along with unmyelinated axons, forms the cortex over the cerebrum as well as deeper masses known as nuclei which are surrounded by white matter |
| white matter | contains high concentrations of myelinated axons |
| three parts of the brain | cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem |
| ventricles | four internal chambers which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
| meninges | connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord, and lie between the nervous tissue and bones |
| cerebrum | responsible for higher mental functions, contains both gray matter and white matter, divided into two hemispheres, contains paired lobes |
| gyri | thick folds |
| sucli | grooves |
| cerebral lobes | frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, insula |
| frontal lobe | responsible for voluntary motor control, reasoning, planning, emotions, social judgement |
| parietal lobe | perceives sensations from skin, muscles, tendons, and joint receptors |
| temporal lobe | contains auditory centers to receive signals from the ears, important in memory, damage to this area may result in amnesia |
| occipital lobe | responsible for vision and eye coordination |
| insula | integrates sensory information from viscera, role in taste and language function, located in middle of brain where all loves meet, cannot be seen externally |
| corpus callosum | the band of nervous tissue that connects the two halves of the cerebrum |
| thalamus | a relay center for all sensory information (except smell) going to the cerebrum, the walls of the third ventricle make up the thalamus, which is filled with cerebral spinal fluid |
| hypothalamus | regulates thirst and hunger, body temperature, sleep and wakefulness, sexual arousal, anger, fear, pain and pleasure, produces ADH oxytocin, and the releasing and inhibitory hormones that regulate the pituitary |
| pituitary | also known as the hypophysis, comprised of anterior and posterior pituitary |
| anterior pituitary | produces and releases (secretes) somatotrpin (GH), TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and prolactin, release of these hormones is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, which are carried to the anterior pituitary |
| hypthalamo-hypophyseal portal system | blood system between hypothalamus and pituitary |
| posterior pituitary | releases (excretes) ADH and oxytocin, hormones produced by the hypothalamus |
| optic chiasm | point at which the optic nerves crossover on the way to the brain from the eyes |
| limbic system | part of the forebrain that processes olfactory information, which may be its only function in lower vertebrates, also the neural basis of emotional states (in combination with the hypothalamus) in higher vertebrates |
| cerebellum | second largest part of the brain, consists of both gray and white matter (arbor vitae), receives input from joint, tendon, and muscle receptors and is responsible for coordination of movement |
| brainstem | midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
| midbrain | short segment to the brainstem that connects the hindbrain and forebrain |
| pons | contains two respiratory centers and is a pathway for nerve fibers passing through from the brain to the spinal cord |
| medulla oblongata | responsible for motor control, contains axons for some cranial nerves, also contains several regulatory centers, namely vasomotor center, cardioinhibitory center, respiratory center |
| vasomotor center | responsible for the contraction or dilation of blood vessels |
| cardioinhibitory center | responsible for parasympathetic (involuntary) innervation of the heart, regulates heart rate |
| respiratory center | works with the two respiratory centers in the pons |
| cranial nerves | nerves that run directly to the brain rather than through the spinal cord, comprised of twelve pairs of nerves designated by Roman numerals |
| mixed nerves | most nerves are this meaning they have both sensory and motor functions, examples are vagus nerve and optic nerve |
| spinal nerves | comprised of 31 pairs of nerves in humans, all are mixed nerves, 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal |
Created by:
adekkers
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