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Anatomy Ch. 3 Cells
Ch. 3 Cells: The Living Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the smallest living unit in our bodies? | Cells |
| What carry on essential functions of cells? | organelles "little organs" |
| What separates two of the body's major fluid compartments-intracellular and extracellular fluid? | Plasma membrane |
| Types of membrane proteins | 1. Integral, 2. Glycocalx, 3. Peripheral |
| Integral Proteins | firmly imbedded in or attached to lipid bilayer |
| Glycocalx | fuzzy, sticky, carbohydrate-rich area at the cell surface |
| Peripheral Proteins | attach to membrane surface and support plasma membrane from cytoplasmic side |
| hydrophillic head | polar |
| hydrophobic tails | non-polar |
| Passive Transport | molecular movement occurs spontaneously without input of energy; movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through integral protein |
| Active Transport | molecular movement occurs only with input of energy; integral proteins move molecules across plasma membrane against concentration gradient |
| Simple Diffusion | pass directly through lipid bilayer |
| Facilitated Diffusion | move across lipid bilayer with help of carrier molecule |
| Diffusion | tendency of molecules or ions to move from an area where they are in higher concentration to lower concentration |
| What is the diffusion of water molecules across a membrane? | Osmosis |
| Hypertonic | solute concentrations higher in extracellular fluid |
| Hypotonic | solute concentrations lower in extracellular fluid |
| Isotonic | solute concentrations are balanced |
| What transports via integral proteins? | Active Transport |
| What is the mechanism by which particles enter cells? | Endocytosis |
| What is the type of endocytosis in which cell engulfs large particles by projecting pseudopods (false feet) around it and enclosing it within a membrane sac? | Phagocytosis |
| What cell "gulps" drops of extracellular fluid containing solutes into tiny vesicles? | Pinocytosis |