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A&PI - Ch 7
The Skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| located in occipital bone, the occipital __ make a joint with first cervical vertebra here | condyles |
| C1-C7 | cervical |
| T1-T12 | thoracic |
| L1-L5 | lumbar |
| lateral deviation in frontal plane associated w/rotation | scoliosis |
| exaggerated thoracic curvature, normally convex posteriorly, caused by TB, osteoporosis | kyphosis |
| exaggerated lumbar curvature, normally concave posteriorly, due to pot belly, pregnancy, TB, osteomalacia | lordosis |
| support vertebrae | ligaments |
| acts as shock absorbers | intervertebral discs |
| interior portion of intervertebral discs | nucleus pulposus |
| exterior of intervertebral discs | anulus fibrosus |
| opening formed by a neural arch through which the spinal cord passes | vertebral foramen |
| body of a vertebra ventral to the neural arch | centrum |
| basal part of each side of neural arch of a vertebra; connects laminae w/centrum | pedicle |
| one exists on each side of neural arch projecting upward adjoining w/inferior process | superior articular process |
| superior articular process articulates w/an inferior articular process of the next more __ vertebra | cranial |
| one exists on each side of the neural arch projecting downward adjoining w/superior process | inferior articular process |
| inferior articular process articulates w/superior articular process of the next more __ vertebra | caudal |
| process that projects on the dorsolateral aspect of each side of neural arch of a vertebra | transverse |
| part of neural arch of a vertebra, extending from pedicle to median line | lamina |
| median, spine-like/plate-like, dorsal process of neural arch of a vertebra | spinous process |
| cartilaginous/bony arch, that encloses spinal cord on dorsal side of a vertebra | vertebral arch |
| vertebral arch is also known as | neural arch |
| are smallest, lightest vertebrae | cervical C1-C7 |
| except for C1, C2 & C7, cervical vertebrae have | bifid spinous process |
| all 7 cervical vertebrae contain __ __ for vertebral artery | transverse foramen |
| larger, more prominent spinous process, used for counting, is seen on | C7 |
| C1 is also known as | atlas |
| C2 is also known as | axis |
| transverse part of the cruciate ligament of the atlas, is also called | transverse ligament |
| tooth-like process projecting from anterior end of centrum, of axis, in spinal column | dens |
| dens of atlas serves as a(n) __ on which the atlas rotates | pivot |
| is morphologically its centrum, though it is detached from that vertebra; more or less perfectly united w/next one behind it; allows side-to-side 'no' movement of head | dens of atlas |
| dens of atlas is also known as | odontoid process |
| divided into 2 equal lobes/parts by median cleft | bifid |
| has no body, no spinous process, & articulates w/occipital condyles; allows you to nod ‘yes’ | atlas( C-1) |
| found on axis (C2); smooth, flat, circumscribed surface of vertebrae | superior articular facet |
| smooth, flat, or nearly flat, circumscribed anatomical surface | facet |
| spinous process on thoracic vertebrae __ __ | points downward |
| spinous process of lumbar vertebrae are __ __ processes | short horizontal |
| __ on thoracic vertebrae is located on __ process | facet; transverse |
| wing/wing-like anatomic process/part | Ala |
| ala can be found on __ __ view of the sacrum | anterior superior |
| transverse ridges on sacrum are site of __ __ | vertebral fusion |
| any of 16 openings in sacrum | foramen |
| sacral foramen has 4 openings on each side of __ __ giving passage to posterior branches of sacral nerves | dorsal surface |
| sacral foramen has 4 openings on each side of __ __ giving passage to anterior branches of sacral nerves | pelvic surface |
| opening into vertebral canal in midline of dorsal surface of sacrum btwn laminae of 5th sacral vertebra | sacral hiatus |
| ratio of breadth of sacrum to its length x100 | sacral index |
| inwardly projecting anterior part of centrum of 1st sacral vertebra | sacral promontory |
| any of 5 fused vertebrae that make up sacrum | sacral vertebra |
| any of several tubercles on sacrum | sacral crests |
| sacral crest on midline of dorsal surface | median sacral crest |
| any of a series of tubercles on each side of dorsal surface of sacrum | lateral sacral crests |
| lateral sacral crest is lateral to sacral __ | foramina |
| lateral sacral crests represent __ __ of sacral vertebrae | transverse processes |
| lateral sacral crests serve as __ for ligaments | attachments |
| pleural form of foramen | foramina |
| rounded process on each side of 5th sacral vertebra that projects downward | sacral cornu |
| sacral cornu represents a(n) __ __ process of vertebra of sacrum | inferior articular |
| part of vertebral canal lying in sacrum | sacral canal |
| inferior most point of sacrum | apex |
| superior most part of sacrum | base |
| small bone that articulates w/sacrum & usually consists of 4 fused vertebrae | coccyx |
| coccyx form __ of spinal column | terminus |
| part of spinal column directly connected with/forms part of pelvis by articulation with ilia; forms dorsal wall of pelvis & consists of 5 fused vertebrae diminishing in size to apex at lower end which bears coccyx | sacrum |
| bony enclosing wall of chest consisting chiefly of ribs & structures connecting them | rib cage |
| rib cage is also known as | thoracic cage |
| depression in top of sternum btwn its articulations w/two clavicles | jugular notch |
| jugular notch is also known as | suprasternal notch |
| notch on each side of upper part of manubrium | clavicular notch |
| clavicular notch is site of __ w/ a clavicle | articulation |
| bone of pectoral girdle that links scapula & sternum, is situated just above 1st rib on either side of neck, & has form of narrow elongated S | clavicle |
| clavicle is also called | collarbone |
| uppermost segment of sternum that is somewhat triangular flattened bone w/anterolateral borders, which articulate w/clavicles | manubrium |
| formed by joining of manubrium to gladiolus of sternum | sternal angle |
| compound ventral bone/cartilage that lies in median central part of body; about 7" long, consists in adult of 3 parts, & connects w/clavicles & cartilages of upper 7 pairs of ribs | sternum |
| sternum is also called | breastbone |
| smallest & lowest division of human sternum that is cartilaginous early in life but becomes more/less ossified during adulthood | xiphoid process |
| situated or extending between ribs | intercostal spaces |
| any of cartilages that connect distal ends of ribs w/sternum | costal cartilages |
| by elasticity of costal cartilages, permits movement of | chest in respiration |
| lower edge of chest, formed by bottom edge of rib cage | costal margin |
| any rib in last 2 pairs that have no attachment to sternum | floating ribs |
| rib whose cartilages unite indirectly/not at all with sternum | false ribs |
| any of ribs having costal cartilages connected directly w/sternum; constituting 1st 7 pairs | true ribs |
| cartilaginous union between xiphoid process & body of sternum | xiphisternal joint |
| large middle portion of sternum lying btwn upper manubrium & lower xiphoid process | gladiolus |
| true ribs are also known as | vertebrosternal |
| false ribs are also known as | vertebrochondral |
| floating ribs are also known as | vertebral |
| relatively narrow part of rib bone | neck |
| rounded medial extremity of a rib that articulates by 2 facets w/bodies of 2 contiguous vertebrae; except for ribs 1, 10, 11, & 12 | head of rib |
| ridge that separates the superior & inferior articular surfaces of the head of a rib | crest |
| flattened portion of rib btwn head & tuberosity | neck of rib |
| knob on the posterior surface of a rib, at the junction of its neck and shaft, which articulates w/transverse process of vertebra, which corresponds in number to the rib | tubercle of rib |
| tubercle of rib forms a(n) __ __ when it articulates w/transverse process of vertebra | costotransverse joint |
| groove in lower, inner border of rib, lodging the intercostal vessels & nerve | costal groove |
| abrupt change in curvature of body of rib posteriorly, such that neck & head of rib are directed upward | angle of rib |
| part of a rib extending btwn its dorsally placed tubercle & its ventral extremity | shaft of rib |
| shaft of rib is also called | body of rib |
| end of the rib that articulates w/sternum | sternal end |
| __ of rib joins w/thoracic vertebral bodies | head |
| __ of rib joins w/transverse process of thoracic vertebra | tubercle |
| demifacet on upper edge of body of vertebra articulating w/head of rib | superior costal facet |
| single rib articulates w/inferior costal facet & superior costal facet of __ __ | adjacent vertebrae |
| made up of bones of limbs & their girdles | appendicular skeleton |
| attach upper limbs to trunk of body | pectoral girdles |
| attach lower limbs to trunk of body & upper limbs to axial skeleton | pelvic girdle |
| pectoral girdles consist of __ anteriorly & __ posteriorly | clavicles; scapulae |
| __ end of clavicle joins manubrium | sternal |
| __ end of clavicle joins scapula | acromial |
| clavicle acts as a(n) __ for the arm | brace |
| prominence on underside of clavicle that forms one attachment of conoid ligament | conoid tubercle |
| ligament connecting costal cartilage of first rib with clavicle | costoclavicular |
| irregular pitted area on inferior surface of clavicle at its sternal end, giving attachment to the costoclavicular ligament | impression |
| if clavicle is fractured shoulder collapses __ | medially |
| can occur with when falling on outstretched arms | fracture of clavicle |
| clavicle fractures anteriorly because of __ of clavicle | curves |
| if clavicle collapses posteriorly __ __ would be damaged, which passes just deep to clavicle | subclavian artery |
| outer end of spine of scapula that protects glenoid cavity, forms outer angle of shoulder, & articulates w/clavicle | acromion |
| long, curved projection resembling flexed finger arising from neck of scapula overhanging glenoid cavity | coracoid process |
| depression in lateral angle of scapula for articulation with humerus | glenoid cavity |
| concave ventral aspect of body of scapula giving origin to subscapularis muscle | subscapular fossa |
| edge of scapula extending from glenoid fossa to inferior angle | lateral border |
| margin of scapula that extends from glenoid fossa to superior angle | superior border |
| edge of scapula closest to vertebral column, extending from superior angle to inferior angle | medial border |
| acute angle formed by junction of medial & lateral borders of scapula | inferior angle |
| hollow on dorsal aspect of scapula above spine, lodging supraspinatus muscle | supraspinous fossa |
| prominent triangular ridge on the dorsal aspect of the scapula | spine of scapula |
| acromion is __ extension from spine of scapula | lateral |
| hollow on dorsal aspect of scapula inferior to spine | infraspinous fossa |
| large triangular flattened bone lying over the ribs, posteriorly on either side, articulating laterally w/clavicle at acromioclavicular joint & humerus at glenohumeral joint | scapula |
| scapula forms a(n) __ __ with chest wall, also called scapulothoracic articulation | functional articulation |
| rough surface below glenoid cavity of scapula | infraglenoid tubercle |
| sole bone of arm; articulates w/scapula at shoulder, & radius & ulna at elbow | humerus |
| larger of 2 tubercles next to head of humerus; gives attachment to supraspinatus, infraspinatus, & teres minor muscles | greater tubercle |
| furrow running down shaft of humerus btwn 2 tubercles, lodging tendon of long head of biceps, & giving attachment in its floor to latissimus dorsi muscle | intertubercular sulcus |
| anterior of 2 tubercles of neck of humerus on which subscapularis is inserted | lesser tubercle humerus |
| upper rounded extremity fitting into glenoid cavity of the scapula | head of humerus |
| groove separating head of humerus from tuberosities, giving attachment to articular capsule | anatomical neck of humerus |
| narrow portion below head & tuberosities of humerus | surgical neck of humerus |
| rough elevation about middle of lateral side of shaft of humerus, providing attachment (insertion) for deltoid muscle | deltoid tuberosity |
| hollow on anterior surface of distal end of humerus, just above trochlea, in which coronoid process of ulna rests when elbow is flexed | coronoid fossa of humerus |
| epicondylus situated proximal & medial to condyle | medial epicondyle of humerus |
| grooved surface at lower end of humerus articulating with trochlear notch of ulna | trochlea of humerus |
| small rounded eminence on lateral 1/2 of distal end of humerus for articulation w/radius | capitulum of humerus |
| epicondylus situated at lateral side of distal end of bone | lateral epicondyle of humerus |
| shallow depression on anterior aspect of distal humerus, superior to capitulum of humerus & lateral to coronoid fossa | radial fossa of humerus |
| margin of head of radius rests on radial fossa of humerus when elbow is in __ __ | extreme flexion |
| elongated rod-like portion of humerus btwn surgical neck proximally & emergence of supracondylar ridges distally | shaft of humerus |
| distal end of humerus, including trochlea, capitulum & olecranon, coronoid & radial fossae | condyle of humerus |
| prominent curved proximal extremity of ulna, upper & posterior surface of which gives attachment to tendon of triceps muscle, anterior surface entering into formation of trochlear notch | olecranon |
| distal sharp portion of lateral margin of humerus | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus |
| distal sharp portion of medial margin of humerus | medial supracondylar ridge of humerus |
| hollow on dorsum (posterior) of distal end of humerus, just above trochlea | olecranon process of humerus |
| olecranon process of humerus is where olecranon process of ulna rests when elbow is __ | extended |
| prominent curved proximal extremity of ulna, upper & posterior surface of which gives attachment to tendon of triceps muscle, anterior surface entering into formation of trochlear notch | olecranon process of ulna |
| oval projection from medial surface of radius just distal to neck, giving attachment on its posterior half to tendon of biceps | radial tuberosity |
| concavity on lateral aspect of coronoid process of ulna that articulates w/head of radius | radial notch |
| disc-shaped upper extremity articulating w/capitulum of humerus | head of radius |
| narrow part of shaft just below head | neck of radius |
| large semicircular notch at proximal extremity of ulna btwn olecranon & coronoid processes that articulates with trochlea of humerus | trochlear notch |
| bracket-like projection from anterior portion of proximal extremity of ulna; anterior surface gives attachment to brachialis, & its proximal surface enters into formation of trochlear notch | coronoid process of ulna |
| pivot synovial joint btwn head of radius & ring formed by radial notch of ulna & annular ligament | proximal radioulnar joint |
| dense membrane that connects the interosseous margins of radius & ulna, forming radioulnar syndesmosis, & w/those bones separating flexor & extensor compartments of forearm | interosseous membrane of forearm |
| concave surface on medial side of distal end of radius that articulates w/head of ulna | ulnar notch |
| small rounded distal extremity of ulna articulating w/ulnar notch of radius & articular disk | head of ulna |
| cylindric, pointed palpable projection from medial & posterior aspect of head of ulna, to tip of which is attached ulnar collateral ligament of wrist | styloid process of ulna |
| pivot synovial joint btwn head of ulna & ulnar notch on radius; an articular disc passes across distal part of joint | distal radioulnar joint |
| thick, pointed, palpable projection on lateral side of distal extremity of radius | styloid process of radius |
| fracture of distal radius w/displacement and/or angulation of distal fragment dorsally | Colle's fracture |
| btwn proximal extremity & head of ulna | shaft of ulna |
| triangular body of radius located btwn expanded proximal & distal extremities of bone | shaft of radius |
| proximal part of interosseous border of ulna from which a portion of supinator muscle takes origin | supinator crest |
| olecranon process & coronoid process grip trochlear of humerus at __ __ | elbow joint |
| __ surface of head of radius articulates w/capitulum of humerus at elbow joint | superior |
| __ head of radius articulates w/radial notch of ulna | medially |
| lower end of radius articulates w/scaphoid & lunate at __ __ | wrist joint |
| consists of 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones, & 14 phalanges | the hand |
| each finger has __ __ – distal, middle, and proximal | three phalanges |
| thumb has __ middle phalanx | no |
| small, spade-shaped bone in ends of fingers underlying nail bed, each of which bears a tuberosity on its distal palmar aspect from which connective tissue strands (skin ligaments) radiate through pulp | distal phalanges |
| bases of phalanges of medial four fingers __ __ w/heads of middle phalanges | articulate proximally |
| distal phalanx of thumb articulates w/ __ phalanx | proximal |
| five long bones (numbered I–V, beginning w/bone on radial/thumb side) forming skeleton of metacarpus/palm; they articulate w/bones of distal row of carpus & w/5 proximal phalanges | metacarpals |
| 8 bones arranged in 2 rows that articulate proximally w/radius & indirectly w/ulna, & distally w/5 metacarpal bones | carpals |
| bone on medial (ulnar) side of distal row of carpus that features a distinct, anteriorly projecting hook; it articulates w/4th & 5th metacarpals | hamate |
| small bone size/shape of pea, in proximal row of carpus, lying on anterior surface of triquetral, w/which it articulates | pisiform |
| bone on medial (ulnar) side of proximal row of carpus, articulating w/lunate, pisiform, & hamate | triquetral |
| bone in proximal row of carpus btwn scaphoid & triquetral; it articulates w/radius, scaphoid, triquetral, hamate, & capitate | lunate |
| bone in distal row of carpus; it articulates w/2nd metacarpal, trapezium, capitate, & scaphoid | trapezoid |
| lateral (radial) bone in distal row of carpus; it articulates w/1st & 2nd metacarpals, scaphoid, & trapezoid bones | trapezium |
| largest bone of proximal row of carpus on lateral (radial) side, articulating w/radius, lunate, capitate, trapezium, & trapezoid | scaphoid |
| largest of carpal bones; located in distal row | capitate |
| formed of number of individual bones, called vertebrae, & 2 composite bones (sacrum & coccyx). | vertebral column |
| articulated series of vertebrae connected by ligaments & separated by more/less elastic intervertebral fibrocartilages; forms supporting axis of body & a protection for spinal cord; extends from btm of skull through median dorsal body to coccyx | spinal column |
| any of bony/cartilaginous segments that make up spinal column; have short, cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic/cartilaginous tissue w/those of adjacent & bony arch that encloses spinal cord | vertebrae |
| fetus & infant vertebral column consists of | 33 vertebrae |
| cervical & lumbar curvatures are normally | concave posteriorly |
| thoracic & sacral curvatures are normally | convex posteriorly |
| increase resilience & flexibility of spine, allowing it to function like spring rather than rigid rod | vertebral column curvatures |
| pair of hip bones | os coxae |
| os coxae, sacrum & coccyx form | bony pelvis |
| relating to head, neck, & trunk; 1 of 2 major divisions of body | axial |
| structured from 80 bones segregated into 3 major divisions: skull, vertebral column, & thoracic cage | axial skeleton |
| axial skeleton forms __ __ of body | longitudinal axis |
| axial skeleton __ head, neck, & trunk | supports |
| axial skeleton __ brain, spinal cord, & organs of thorax | protects |
| bones of limbs & their girdles are collectively call | appendicular skeleton |
| attach upper limbs to body trunk; consists of clavicle anteriorly, & scapula posteriorly | pectoral girdle |
| more sturdy; secures lower limbs | pelvic girdle |
| paired pectoral girdles & their associated muscles form | the shoulder |
| pectoral girdles allow upper limbs __ __ __ not seen anywhere else in body | degree of mobility |
| anchoring points for ligament which runs to attach to scapula | trapezoid line & conoid tubercle |
| consists of paired coxal bones that attach lower limbs to axial skeleton; transmits full weight of upper body to lower limbs, & supports visceral organs of pelvis | pelvic/hip girdle |
| pelvic girdle is __ to axial skeleton by some of strongest ligaments in body | secured |
| pelvic girdle lacks __ of pectoral girdle | mobility |
| pelvic girdle is __ __ than pectoral girdle | more stable |
| large flaring bone that makes lateral 1/2 of pelvis & is composed of ilium, ischium, & pubis which are fused into 1 bone in adult | coxal/hip bone |
| deep hemispherical socket; cup-like cavity on lateral surface of hip bone that receives femur | acetabulum |
| acetabulum is on __ surface of pelvis | lateral |
| dorsal, upper, & largest 1 of 3 bones composing either lateral 1/2 of pelvis where it joins with ischium & pubis to form part of acetabulum | ilium |
| upper flaring portion of ilium; provides broad surface for attachment of iliac & gluteal muscles; its anterior concavity forms iliac fossa | ala of ilium |
| forms upper 2/5 of acetabulum & joins pubis & ischium in acetabulum; continues above into ala of ilium | body of ilium |
| thick curved upper border of ilium | iliac crest |
| anterior extremity of iliac crest, which provides attachment for inguinal ligament & sartorius muscle | anterior superior iliac spine |
| posterior extremity of iliac crest, uppermost point of attachment of sacrotuberous & posterior sacroiliac ligaments | posterior superior iliac spine |
| posterior superior iliac spine position is revealed by __ __ in sacral region | skin dimple |
| deep indentation in posterior border of hip bone at point of union of ilium & ischium | greater sciatic notch |
| external surface of wing of ilium marked by anterior, posterior, & inferior gluteal lines that separate origins of gluteal muscles | gluteal surfaces |
| smooth inner surface of ilium above arcuate line, giving attachment to iliacus muscle | iliac fossa |
| irregular, L-shaped articular surface on medial aspect of ilium that articulates with sacrum | auricular surface |
| iliac portion of linea terminalis of bony pelvis | arcuate line |
| arcuate line helps define pelvic __ | brim |
| superior margin of true pelvis | pelvic brim |
| body of ilium __ pubis | joins |
| body of ilium __ joins ischium | inferiorly |
| lower and posterior part of hip bone, distinct at birth but later becoming fused with ilium & pubis | ischium |
| entire ischium with exception of ramus | body of ischium |
| joins pubis anteriorly; thinner, inferior branch of ischium | ramus of ischium |
| pointed process from posterior border of ischium on a level w/lower border of acetabulum | ischial spine |
| notch in posterior border of ischium below ischial spine | lesser sciatic notch |
| rough bony projection at junction of lower end of body of ischium & its ramus | ischial tuberosity |
| anteroinferior portion of hip bone, distinct at birth but later becoming fused w/ilium & ischium | pubic bone |
| bar of bone, triangular in section, which extends posterosuperiorly from body of pubis to form superior boundary of obturator foramen | superior pubic ramus |
| inferior extension from body of pubic bone that meets w/ramus of ischium to form ischiopubic ramus | inferior pubic ramus |
| flattened medial portion of pubic bone entering into pubic symphysis; superior & inferior rami extend from it | body of pubis |
| rough anterior border of body of pubis, continuous laterally w/pubic tubercle | pubic crest |
| small palpable projection at the anterior extremity of crest of pubis about 2 cm from symphysis; site of insertion of inguinal ligament | pubic tubercle |
| large oval/irregularly triangular aperture in hip bone, margins of which are formed by pubis & ischium | obturator foramen |
| firm fibrocartilaginous joint in median plane btwn 2 opposing surfaces of pubic bones, which are united by an interpubic disc of fibrocartilage as well as superior & arcuate pubic ligaments | pubis symphysis |
| formed by symphysis, bodies, & inferior rami of pubic bones | pubic arch |
| formed btwn inferior rami of pubic bones | subpubic angle |
| subpubic angle approximates angle btwn widely extended thumb & index finger (90°) | in females |
| subpubic angle approximates angle btwn widely abducted index & middle fingers (60°) | in males |
| expanded portion of pelvis above brim | false pelvis |
| cavity of pelvis below brim/superior aperture | true pelvis |
| upper opening of true pelvis; bounded anteriorly by pubic symphysis & crest on either side, laterally by iliopectineal lines, & posteriorly by promontory of sacrum | pelvic inlet |
| lower opening of true pelvis; bounded anteriorly by pubic arch, laterally by rami of ischium & sacrotuberous ligament on either side, & posteriorly by these ligaments & tip of coccyx | pelvic outlet |
| long bone of thigh, articulating w/hip bone proximally & tibia & patella distally | femur |
| hemispheric articular surface at upper extremity of thigh bone | head of femur |
| depression on extremity-head of femur giving attachment to ligamentum teres femoris | fovea capitis |
| strong process at proximal & lateral part of shaft of femur, overhanging root of neck | greater trochanter |
| pyramidal process projecting from medial & proximal shaft of femur at line of junction of shaft & neck | lesser trochanter |
| rough line that separates neck & shaft of femur anteriorly | intertrochanteric line |
| rounded ridge connecting greater & lesser trochanters of femur posteriorly & marks junction of neck & shaft of femur | intertrochanteric crest |
| roughened area of insertion on upper portion of shaft of femur, for deep, lesser part of gluteus maximus muscle | gluteal tuberosity |
| rough ridge w/2 pronounced lips running down posterior surface of shaft of femur | linea aspera |
| linear medial edge of popliteal surface of femur that ascends from medial epicondyle & continues superiorly as medial lip of linea aspera | medial supracondylar line |
| linear lateral edge of popliteal surface of femur that ascends from lateral epicondyle & continues superiorly as lateral lip of linea aspera | lateral supracondylar line |
| large rounded articular masses of distal end of femur, united anteriorly w/its contralateral partner by patellar surface but separated from it posteriorly and inferiorly by intercondylar fossa | medial condyle of femur |
| rounded articular masses of distal end of femur, united anteriorly w/its contralabial partner by patellar surface but separated from it posteriorly & inferiorly by intercondylar fossa | lateral condyle of femur |
| epicondylus located proximal to medial condyle | medial epicondyle of femur |
| epicondylus located proximal to lateral condyle | lateral epicondyle of femur |
| prominence above medial epicondyle of femur | adductor tubercle |
| groove formed anteriorly btwn anterosuperior portions of femoral condyles that accommodates patella | patellar surface |
| deep fossa btwn femoral condyles in which cruciate ligaments are attached | intercondylar fossa |
| large sesamoid bone, in combined tendon of quadriceps femoris, covering anterior surface of knee | patella |
| dense fibrous layer that connects interosseous margins of tibia & fibula, forming upper portion of tibiofibular syndesmosis & w/bones & intermuscular septa, creating anterior & posterior compartments of leg | interosseous membrane of leg |
| plane synovial joint btwn lateral condyle of tibia & head of fibula | tibiofibular joint |
| medial & larger of 2 bones of leg, articulating w/femur, fibula, & talus | tibia |
| edge of a bone to which interosseous membrane is attached, by which bone becomes attached to another bone | interosseous margin |
| bony mass at superior end of tibia that receives corresponding condyle of femur; shorter condyle closest to midline | medial condyle of tibia |
| bony mass at superior end of tibia that receives corresponding condyle of femur; longer than medial condyle | lateral condyle of tibia |
| elevation on proximal extremity of tibia btwn 2 articular surfaces | intercondylar eminence |
| oval elevation on anterior surface of tibia about 3 cm distal to articular surface | tibial tuberosity |
| sharp subcutaneous ridge of tibia that extends from tuberosity to anterior part of medial malleolus | anterior border of tibia |
| process at medial side of lower end of tibia, forming projection of medial side of ankle | medial malleolus |
| hollow on lateral surface of lower end of tibia in which fibula is lodged | fibular notch |
| lateral & smaller of the 2 bones of leg; does not bear weight & articulates w/tibia above & tibia & talus below | fibula |
| superior extremity of fibula, which articulates by a facet w/under-surface of lateral condyle of tibia | head of fibula |
| process at lateral side of lower end of fibula, forming projection of lateral part of ankle | lateral malleolus |
| seven tarsal bones of instep | tarsus |
| elongated, rod-like portion of metatarsal bone | tarsals |
| bone of foot that articulates superiorly with tibia & fibula to form ankle joint inferiorly w/calcaneus to form subtalar joint, & anteriorly w/navicular, forming medial component of transverse tarsal joint | talus |
| largest of tarsal bones; it forms heel & articulates w/cuboid anteriorly & talus superiorly | calcaneus |
| posterior extremity of calcaneus, or os calcis, forming projection of heel | calcaneal tuberosity |
| support of the talus, bracket-like lateral projection from medial surface of calcaneus, upper surface of which presents a facet for articulation w/talus | sustentaculum tali |
| lateral bone of distal row of tarsus, articulating w/calcaneus, lateral cuneiform, navicular (occasionally), & 4th & 5th metatarsal bones | cuboid |
| flattened, medially placed tarsal bone, concave on its posterior surface to accommodate head of talus, & convex on its anterior surface to articulate w/3 cuneiform bones | navicular |
| largest of 3 cuneiform bones; medial bone of distal row of tarsus, articulating w/intermediate cuneiform, navicular, & 1st & 2nd metatarsal bones | medial cuneiform |
| bone of distal row of tarsus; articulates w/medial & lateral cuneiform, navicular, & 2nd metatarsal bones | intermediate cuneiform |
| bone of distal row of tarsus; articulates w/intermediate cuneiform, cuboid, navicular, & 2nd, 3rd, & 4th metatarsal bones | lateral cuneiform |
| distal portion of foot btwn instep & toes, having as its skeleton 5 long bones (metatarsal bones) articulating proximally with cuboid & cuneiform bones & distally w/phalanges | metatarsus |
| elongated, rod-like portion of metatarsal bone | metatarsals |
| first digit of the foot; great toe | hallux |
| arch, concave inferiorly, formed by metatarsal bones, 3 cuneiform bones, & cuboid | transverse arch |
| higher (deeper) aspect of longitudinal arch of foot; formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiform bones, & 3 medial metatarsals | medial longitudinal arch of foot |
| lower (more shallow) aspect of longitudinal arch of foot formed by calcaneus, cuboid, & 2 lateral metatarsals | lateral longitudinal arch of foot |
| supported normally by ligaments, intrinsic muscles, & tendons of extrinsic muscles of foot | combined arch |
| fibrous membranes at angles of cranial bones that accommodate brain growth in fetus/infant | fontanelles |
| congenital fissure in median line of palate, often, but not necessarily associated w/cleft lip; general genetic incidence resembles that of cleft lip | cleft palate |
| resulting from inhalation of foreign material, usually food particles/vomit, into bronchi; developing 2dary to presence in airways of fluid, blood, saliva, or gastric contents | aspiration pneumonia |
| ventrally convex curves of vertebral column that develop postnatally in cervical & lumbar regions: cervical & lumbar lordoses | secondary curvatures |
| acetabulum forms incompletely or ligament of hip joint are loose, so head of femur slips out of socket | dysplasia of hip in infants |
| arches of foot __ when weight is applied to foot & __ __ when it is lifted | stretch; spring back |
Created by:
lfrancois
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