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Block II
Lower extremity muscle origin, insertion, action, innervation, vasculature
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Gluteus Maximus Origin | Post. Surface of Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, Dorsal sacrum, and Sacrotuberous ligament |
Gluteus Maximus Insertion | Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity |
Gluteus Maximus Action | Extends thigh, rotates thigh laterally |
Gluteus Maximus Innervation | Inferior gluteal nerve |
Gluteus Medius Origin | Post. Surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines |
Gluteus Medius Insertion | Superior and lateral surface of greater trochanter |
Gluteus Medius Action | Abducts thigh, rotates thigh medially |
Gluteus Medius innervation | Superior gluteal nerve |
Superior Gemellus Origin | Ischial Spine and sacrospinous ligament |
Superior Gemellus insertion | Tendon of obturator internus |
Superior Gemellus Action | Rotates thigh laterally, abducts flexed thigh |
Superior Gemellus Innervation | Nerve to obturator internus |
Inferior Gemellus origin | Ischial tuberosity |
Inferior Gemellus insertion | Tendon of obturator internus |
Inferior Gemellus action | Rotates thigh laterally, abducts flexed thigh |
Inferior Gemellus innervation | Nerve to quadratus femoris |
Quadratus Femoris origin | Ischial tuberosity |
Quadratus Femoris insertion | Intertrochanteric crest and inferior to crest |
Quadratus Femoris action | Rotates thigh laterally |
Quadratus Femoris innervation | Nerve to quadratus femoris |
Gluteus Minimus origin | Posterior surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines |
Gluteus Minimus insertion | Anterior surface of greater trochanter |
Gluteus Minimus action | Abducts thigh, medially rotates |
Gluteus Minimus innervation | Superior gluteal nerve |
Piriformis origin | Pelvic surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament |
Piriformis insertion | Medial and Superior surface of greater trochanter |
Piriformis action | Rotates thigh laterally, abducts flexed thigh |
Piriformis innervation | Branches of S1-2 |
Piriformis passes through | Greater sciatic foramen |
Tendon of obturator internus passes through | Lesser sciatic foramen |
Obturator Internus origin | Obturator membrane, pelvic surface and portions of pubis, ischium |
Obturator Internus insertion | Trochanteric fossa |
Obturator Internus action | Rotates thigh laterally, abducts flexed thigh |
Obturator Internus innervation | Nerve to obturator internus |
Biceps Femoris origin | Long head: ischial tuberosity. Short Head: Lower portion of linea aspera on femur |
Biceps Femoris insertion | Fibular head lateral side |
Biceps Femoris action | Long head: extend thigh, flex leg. Short head: flex leg. Long/Short together: Laterally rotate leg when flexed |
Biceps Femoris Innervation | Long head: Sciatic nerve tibial portion. Short head: Sciatic nerve fibular portion |
Semitendinosus origin | Ischial tuberosity |
Semitendinosus insertion | Medial side of tibia inferior to medial condyle |
Semitendinosus action | Flexes leg, extends thigh, medially rotates flexed leg |
Semitendinosus innervation | Sciatic nerve tibial portion |
Semimembranosus origin | Ischial tuberosity |
Semimembranosus insertion | Medial side of tibia inferior to medial condyle |
Semimembranosus action | Flexes leg, extends thigh, medially rotates flexed leg |
Semimembranosus innervation | Sciatic nerve tibial portion |
Ligaments of lesser and greater sciatic foramen | Sacrotuberous and Sacrospinous ligaments |
Sciatic nerve passes through | Greater sciatic foramen |
Nerve injured in Trendelenburg gait | Superior gluteal nerve |
Trendelenberg sign | Hip drops side opposite injured nerve while walking |
Superior gluteal artery arises from | Internal iliac artery |
Inferior gluteal artery arises from | Internal iliac artery |
Posterior thigh muscles innervation | Sciatic nerve tibial portion except short head of biceps femoris (fibular portion) |
Cutaneuos innervation of gluteal region | Cluneal nerve |
Cutaneous innervation of posterior thigh | Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
Iliopsoas origin | Psoas Major: T12-L5 vertebral bodies, intervertebral disks, lumbar transverse processes. Iliacus: Iliac fossa. |
Iliopsoas insertion | Lesser trochanter of femur |
Iliopsoas action | Flexes thigh |
Iliopsoas innervation | Psoas M.: L2-4 ventral rami. Iliacus: Femoral N. |
Rectus Femoris origin | Ant. Inferior iliac spine, ilium superior to acetabulum |
Rectus Femoris insertion | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
Rectus Femoris action | Extends leg, weak flexor of thigh |
Rectus Femoris innervation | Femoral N. |
Vastus Lateralis origin | Inferior greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera |
Vastus Lateralis insertion | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
Vastus Lateralis action | Extends leg |
Vastus Lateralis innervation | Femoral N. |
Vastus intermedius origin | Anterior and latera upper 1/2 of femur, |
Vastus intermedius insertion | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
Vastus intermedius action | Extends leg |
Vastus intermedius innervation | Femoral N. |
Vastus medialis origin | Intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera |
Vastus medialis insertion | Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
Vastus medialis action | Extends leg |
Vastus medialis innervation | Femoral N. |
Gracilis origin | Pubis; body and inferior ramus |
Gracilis insertion | Medial surface of tibia below medial condyle |
Gracilis action | Adducts, medially rotates thigh, weak flexor of thigh |
Gracilis innervation | Obturator N. |
Adductor Magnus adductor part origin | Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus |
Adductor Magnus adductor part insertion | Below insertion of quadratus femoris, length of linea aspera |
Adductor Magnus adductor part action | Adducts thigh (weak flexor of thigh) |
Adductor Magnus adductor part innervation | Obturator N. |
Adductor Magnus hamstring part origin | Ischial tuberosity |
Adductor Magnus hamstring part insertion | Adductor tubercle (upper border of medial epicondyle) |
Adductor Magnus hamstring part action | Adducts, extends thigh, |
Adductor Magnus hamstring part innervation | Sciatic N. |
Adductor Longus origin | Pubic crest and body |
Adductor Longus insertion | Middle 1/3 linea aspera |
Adductor Longus action | Adducts thigh (weak flexor of thigh) |
Adductor Longus innervation | Obturator N. |
Pectineus origin | Sup. ramus of pubis |
Pectineus insertion | Pectineal line of femur |
Pectineus action | Flexes, adducts, medially rotates thigh |
Pectineus innervation | Femoral N. (typical) or obturator n. |
Adductor brevis origin | Inferior ramus and body of pubis |
Adductor brevis insertion | Upper 1/3 linea aspera |
Adductor brevis action | Adducts thigh (weak flexor of thigh) |
Adductor brevis innervation | Obturator N. |
Obturator Externus origin | External surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bone |
Obturator Externus insertion | Trochanteric fossa |
Obturator Externus action | Laterally rotates thigh |
Obturator Externus innervation | Obturator N. |
Deep fascia of the thigh | Fascia lata |
Lateral reinforced tendon fibers of fascia lata | Iliotibial tract (IT band) |
Quadriceps muscles | Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis |
Hamstring muscles | Biceps femoris, semitendonosus, semimembranosus |
Quadriceps tendon continuous with what | Patellar ligament |
Sartorious origin | Ant. superior iliac spine |
Sartorious insertion | Sup. body of tibia medial side |
Sartorious action | Flex, abduct, laterally rotate thigh and flex leg |
Sartorious innervation | Femoral N. |
Tensor fasciae latae origin | Ant. superior iliac spine |
Tensor fasciae latae insertion | IT band |
Tensor fasciae latae action | Flex thigh, stabilize extension at knee (IT band) |
Tensor fasciae latae innervation | Superior gluteal N. |
Adductor magnus adductor part hiatus allows passage of what | Perforating branches of deep artery of thigh |
External iliac artery changes name here | Inguinal ligament (becomes femoral artery) |
Femoral artery passes through this and changes names | Adductor hiatus becoming popliteal artery |
Anterior and medial thigh innervated by branches of this | Lumbar plexus |
Ant. thigh musculature innervation | Femoral N. except Tensor Fasciae Latae and Psoas major |
Medial thigh musculature innervation | Obturator N. except hamstring part of adductor magnus |
Contents of femoral sheath | Femoral Artery, vein, and canal |
Tibialis Anterior origin | Upper 1/2 tibia to lat. condyle, interosseus membrane |
Tibialis Anterior insertion | Med. cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal bone on inferior surface |
Tibialis Anterior action | Dorsiflex, invert foot |
Tibialis Anterior innervation | Deep fibular N. |
Extensor hallucis longus origin | Ant. surface of fibula, interosseous |
Extensor hallucis longus insertion | Base of distal phalanx of hallux |
Extensor hallucis longus action | Extend big toe, assist dorsiflexion |
Extensor hallucis longus innervation | Deep fibular N. |
Extensor digitorum longus origin | Lat. condyle of tibia inferiorly to fibula |
Extensor digitorum longus insertion | Dorsal surface of middle and distal phalange |
Extensor digitorum longus action | Extend toes 2-5, Assist dorsiflexion |
Extensor digitorum longus innervation | Deep fibular N. |
Fibularis tertius origin | Ant. surface fibula, interosseus |
Fibularis tertius insertion | Base of 5th metatarsal, dorsal surface |
Fibularis tertius action | dorsiflex, Assist eversion |
Fibularis tertius innervation | Deep fibular N. |
Innervation of Ant. leg compartment | Deep fibular N. |
Innervation of Lat. leg compartment | Superficial fibular N. |
Muscles of Ant. leg compartment | Tibialis ant., Extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, Fibularis tertius |
Muscles of Lat. leg compartment | Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis |
Fibularis longus origin | head and lat. surface of fibula |
Fibularis longus insertion | Med. cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal |
Fibularis longus action | Evert foot, weak plantar flexion |
Fibularis longus innervation | Superficial fibular N. |
Fibularis brevis origin | Lat. surface of fibula, inf. to longus |
Fibularis brevis insertion | Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal |
Fibularis brevis action | Evert foot, weak plantar flexion |
Fibularis brevis innervation | Superficial fibular N. |
Post. leg compartment innervation | Tibial N. |
Muscles of superficial post. leg compartment | Gastrocnemius, Plantaris, soleus |
Gastrocnemius origin | Lat. head: Lat. condyle of femur, Med. head: Medial condyle femur |
Gastrocnemius insertion | Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
Gastrocnemius action | Plantar flex foot, flex unweighted leg |
Gastrocnemius innervation | Tibial N. |
Plantaris origin | Sup. to gastroc. lat. head above lat. condyle of femur |
Plantaris insertion | Adjacent to calcaneal tendon on calcaneus |
Plantaris action | Assist lat. head of gastroc. |
Plantaris innervation | Tibial N. |
Soleus origin | Fibula and soleal line of tibia |
Soleus insertion | Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
Soleus action | Plantar flex foot |
Soleus innervation | Tibial N. |
Muscles of deep post. leg compartment | Tibialis Post., popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus |
Tibialis posterior origin | Tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane |
Tibialis posterior insertion | Tuberosity of navicular bone, cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsals 2-4 |
Tibialis posterior action | Inverts, plantar flexes foot |
Tibialis posterior innervation | Tibial N. |
Popliteus origin | Lat. condyle of femur, lat. meniscus |
Popliteus insertion | Tibia, above soleus attachment |
Popliteus action | Med. rotates unweighted leg, lat. rotates femur when standing (unlocks knee) |
Popliteus innervation | Tibial N. |
Flexor hallucis longus origin | Fibula |
Flexor hallucis longus insertion | Base of distal phalanx of hallux |
Flexor hallucis longus action | Flex hallux |
Flexor hallucis longus innervation | Tibial N. |
Flexor digitorum longus origin | Tibia |
Flexor digitorum longus insertion | Base of distal phalanges of toes 2-5 |
Flexor digitorum longus action | Flexes toes, weak plantar flexor |
Flexor digitorum longus innervation | Tibial N. |
Extensor hallucis brevis origin | Ant. surface of calcaneus |
Extensor hallucis brevis insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of hallux |
Extensor hallucis brevis action | Extend hallux |
Extensor hallucis brevis innervation | Deep fibular N. |
Extensor digitorum brevis origin | Ant. surface of calcaneus |
Extensor digitorum brevis insertion | Tendons blend with tendons of extensor digitorum longus |
Extensor digitorum brevis action | Assists extension of toes 2-5 |
Extensor digitorum brevis innervation | Deep fibular n. |
Abductor hallucis origin | medial side Calcaneal tuberosity |
Abductor hallucis insetion | Medial side of base of hallux proximal phalanx |
Abductor hallucis action | Abduct hallux, flex hallux at MP joint |
Abductor hallucis innervation | Medial Plantar N. |
Flexor digitorum brevis origin | Calcaneal tuberosity, plantar aponeurosis |
Flexor digitorum brevis insertion | Tendon splits, attaches to lat. and medial side of middle phalanges |
Flexor digitorum brevis action | Flexes toes 2-5 at PIP |
Flexor digitorum brevis innervation | Medial plantar N. |
Abductor digiti minimi origin | Lateral side of Calcaneal tuberosity |
Abductor digiti minimi insertion | Base of lateral side of proximal phalanx |
Abductor digiti minimi action | Abducts little toe, flexes at MP joint |
Abductor digiti minimi innervation | Lateral Plantar N. |
Quadratus plantae origin | Calcaneus deep to tuberosity |
Quadratus plantae insertion | Tendon of flexor digitorum longus |
Quadratus plantae action | Counters direction of pull of flexor digitorum longus |
Quadratus plantae innervation | Lateral Plantar N. |
Lumbricals origin | Digital tendons of flexor digitorum longus |
Lumbricals insertion | Dorsal expansion of digits 2-5, medial side |
Lumbricals action | Assist with flexion at MP joints |
Lumbricals innervation | 1st lumbrical: Medial Plantar N., 2-4 lumbricals: Lateral plantar N. |
Flexor hallucis brevis origin | Cuboid and lat. cuneiform bones |
Flexor hallucis brevis insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of big toe med. and lat. sides |
Flexor hallucis brevis action | Flex big toe at MP joint |
Flexor hallucis brevis innervation | Medial plantar N. |
Adductor hallucis origin | Oblique head: base of 2-4 metatarsals, Transverse head: Deep transverse ligament |
Adductor hallucis insertion | Base of proximal phalanx of big toe |
Adductor hallucis action | Adducts big toe |
Adductor hallucis innervation | Lat. Plantar N. |
Flexor digitorum minimi brevis origin | Base of metatarsal 5 |
Flexor digitorum minimi brevis insertion | Base of proximal phalanx little toe |
Flexor digitorum minimi brevis action | Flexes MP joint of little toe |
Flexor digitorum minimi brevis innervation | Lat. Plantar N. |
Plantar interossei origin | Med. side of metatarsals 3-5 |
Plantar interossei insertion | Base of proximal phalanges toes 3-5, medial side |
Plantar interossei action | adduct toes 3-5 |
Plantar interossei innervation | Lat. plantar N. |
Dorsal interossei origin | Sides of metatarsals |
Dorsal interossei insertion | 1st: medial base of 2nd proximal phalanx. 2-4: Lat. side of proximal phalanges toes 2-4. |
Dorsal interossei action | Abducts toes 2-4 |
Dorsal interossei innervation | Lat. plantar N. |
Most common compartment syndrome | Ant. compartment syndrome |
Vasculature within ant. compartment of leg | Ant. tibial artery |
Vascularure of post. compartment of leg | Post tibial artery and branch off it called fibular artery |
Deep fascia of plantar foot | Plantar aponeurosis |
Most common cause of heel pain | Plantar fascitis |