Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PNS final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what makes up the peripheral nervous system? | all neural structures outside the brain: sensory receptors, peripheral nerves and associated ganglia, motor endings |
| activation of sensory receptors results in what kind of potential? | graded; then triggers a nerve impulse |
| receptors are classified based on what? | stimulus type, location, structural complexity |
| what are the stimulus type classifications of receptors? | mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors, nociceptors |
| Exteroreceptors respond to? | stimuli outside the body, touch, pressure, pain, temperature, most special sense organs |
| interoceptors (visceroceptors) respond to? | stimuli arising in internal viscera and blood vessels, chemical changes, tissue stretch, temperature changes |
| proprioceptors respond to? | stretch in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, connective tissue coverings; inform brain of movements |
| Complex receptors are? | special sense receptors |
| Simple receptors are? | general sense; tactile sensations, temperatur, pain, muscle sense; unencapsulated of encapsulated dendritic endings |
| Unencapsulated dendritic endings refer to? | thermoreceptors; cold in superficial dermis and heat in deeper dermis; Nociceptors (pinching, chemicals, temp, capsaicin; light touch receptors (merkel discs, hair follicles) |
| Encapsulated dendritic endings refer to? | all are mechanoreceptors (meissners, pacinian, ruffini, muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, joint kinesthetics) |
| sensation | awareness of changes in the internal and external environment |
| perception | the conscious interpretation of stimuli |
| what are the levels of sensory integration? | receptor level, circuit level, perceptual level |
| adaptation | change in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus |
| phasic receptors | fast adapting receptors that signal the beginning or the end of a stimulus |
| tonic receptors | slow adapting receptors that adapt slowly or not at all (nociceptors and most proprioceptors) |
| first order neurons (circuit level) | conduct impulses from the receptor level to the second order neurons in the cns |
| second order neurons (circuit level) | transmit impulses to the thalamus or cerebellum |
| third order neurons (circuit level) | conduct impulses from the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex (perceptual level) |
| perceptual detection (perceptual level) | ability to detect a stimulus (requires summation of impulses) |
| magnitude estimation (perceptual level) | intensity is coded in the frequency of impulses |
| spatial discrimination (perceptual level) | identifying the site or pattern of the stimulus (2 point discrimination test) |
| feature abstraction | identification of more complex aspects and several stimulus properties |
| quality discrimination | the ability to identify submodalities of a sensation (sweet or sour taste) |
| pattern recognition | recognition of a familiar or significant patterns in stimuli (melody in music) |
| how does perception of pain work? | impulses travel of fibers that release neurotransmitters glutamate and substance P |
| how do opiods work on pain? | block pain impulses |
| dorsal root ganglia | sensory, somatic |
| autonomic ganglia | motor, visceral |
| regeneration of nerve fibers involve coordinated activity of what 3 things? | macrophages, schwann cells, axons |
| motor endings | pns elements that activate effectors by releasing neurotransmitters |
| inborn (intrinsic reflex) | rapid, involuntary, predictable motor response to a stimulus |
| learned (acquired) reflex | result from practice of repetition ex. driving |
| how do strech reflexes work? | stretch activates muscle spindle, lla sensory neurons synaps directly with beta motor neurons in the spinal cord, beta motor neurons case the stretch muscle to contract |
| all stretch reflexes are? | monosynaptic and ipsilateral |
| reciprocal inhibition | lla fibers synapse with interneurons that inhibit the beta motor neurons of antagonistic muscles ex. patellar reflex |
| golgi tendon reflexes | help to prevent damage due to excessive stretch, important for smooth onset and termination of muscle contraction |
| what activates golgi tendon organs? | contraction or passive stretch |
| superficial reflexes | elicited by cutaneous stimulation; depend on upper motor pathways and cordlevel reflex arcs ex. plantar reflex |
| babinski's sign | plantar reflex gone wrong |
| why does muscle tone lessen with age? | sensory receptors atrophy with age due to loss of neurons, decreased numbers of synapses per neuron, and slower central processing |
Created by:
hberglund
Popular Anatomy sets