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FHS Med Term Midterm
Chapter 4-7 medical terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abduction | MOVEMENT AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY |
| adduction | MOVEMENT TOWARD THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY |
| adhesion | abnormal union of bodily tissues |
| anticholinergic drug | AKA Antispasmodic, is an administered to control spasmodic activity of smooth muscles such as those intestine |
| ataxia | Inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movements, resulting in shaky/tremor-like movements |
| atonic | lacking normal muscle tone |
| atrophy | weakness; waste away |
| atropine | antispasmodic drug that's administered pre-operation to relax smooth muscles |
| Becker muscular dystrophy | Milder form of muscular dystrophy that doesn't appear until adolescence - adulthood |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| cardioplegia | paralysis of heart muscle (cardiac arrest) |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | the tendons going through the carpal tunnel in the wrist become chronically swollen and inflamed |
| cervical radiculopathy | nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region |
| circumduction | a circular movement of a limb or eye |
| claudication | to limp; pain in leg caused by inadequate blood supple |
| contracture | abnormal shortening of muscle tissues making the muscle resistant to stretching |
| dorsiflexion | bending the toes and foot up at the ankle |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | most severe form of MD, onset between 2-6 years of age |
| dyskinesia | abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements |
| dystaxia | difficulty in controlling voluntary movement |
| dystonia | ABNORMAL MUSCLE TONE |
| electromyography | recording of electrical nerve transmission in skeletal muscles |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues around the elbow; golfer or tennis elbow |
| ergonomics | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| fascioplasty | surgical repair of the fascia |
| fasciotomy | a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure |
| fibromyalgia | a chronic disorder characterized by widespread aching and stiffness of muscles and soft tissues and fatigue |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis of the right or left half of the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one side of the body |
| hyperkinesia | also known as hyperactivity, is abnormally increased muscles function or activity. |
| hypokinesia | abnormally decreased muscle function or activity |
| hypotonia | a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| impingement syndrome | occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint |
| kinesiology | study of muscle motion |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited muscle disorders that cause muscle weakness without affecting the nervous system |
| myalgia | pain in a muscle or group of muscles |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness from any cause |
| myasthenia gravis | a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles |
| myectomy | surgical removal of a portion of muscle |
| myocele | protrusion of muscle tissue through surrounding tissue |
| myoclonus | spasm or twitching of a muscle or group of muscles |
| myofascial | pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia |
| myolysis | degeneration of muscle tissue |
| myoparesis | weakness or partial paralysis of a muscle |
| myotonia | delayed relaxation of muscle tissues after a strong contaction |
| oblique | a diagonally arranged abdominal muscle on either side of the torso |
| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma) |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of the trunk and all four extremities |
| polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
| pronation | rotating the arm or leg so that the palm or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward. |
| rectus | straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body. Ex the rectus abdominus muscle has a straight alignment. |
| singultus | myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm (hiccups) |
| spasmodic torticollis | a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side |
| sphincter | a ring like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. |
| supination | rotating the arm or leg so the palm or sole of the foot, is turned forward or upward. |
| tardive dyskinesia | late appearance of dyskinesia as a side effect of long-term treatment with certain antipsychotic drugs |
| tenodesis | the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| bi- | two |
| -cele | hernia, swelling |
| -desis | binding or surgical fusion |
| fasci/o | band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscle) |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| my/o | muscle |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| tax/o | arrangement |
| ton/o | tone |
| ten/o | tendon |
| angi/o | blood vessel |
| aort/o | aorta (largest artery) |
| arteri/o | pertaining to the arteries |
| ather/o | plaque, fatty substance |
| cardi/o | pertaining to the heart |
| coron/o | coronary, crown |
| -emia | condition of the blood |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
| phleb/o | Prefix meaning vein |
| brady- | slow |
| tachy- | fast, rapid |
| thromb/o | blood clot |
| ven/o | vein |
| aneurysm | ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall |
| aneurysmorrhaphy | the surgical suturing of an aneurysm |
| angiitis | inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct` |
| angiocardiography | the process of recording the heart and vessels after an IV injection of a radiopaque solution |
| angionecrosis | death of the walls of the blood vessels |
| angiostenosis | narrowing of a blood vessel |
| antiarrhythmic | a drug used to treat an abnormal heart rhythm |
| anticoagulant | a drug that prevents clotting of the blood |
| antihypertensive | a drug that reduces high blood pressure |
| aplastic anemia | severe form of anemia that develops as a consquences of loss of functioning red bone marrow. |
| arrhythmia | an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart |
| arteriectomy | Surgical removal of part of an artery |
| atheroma | fatty tissue tumor inside a large vessel |
| atherosclerosis | a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls |
| basophils | a type of WBC that promotes inflammation and participates in allergic responses. |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat |
| cardiac catheterization | A thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery |
| cholesterol | a fatty substance in the blood |
| defibrillation | application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm |
| diastolic | the blood pressure during that part of the heartbeat when the hearts venticles are relaxing |
| dyscrasia | abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood |
| echocardiography | recording of sound waves through the heart to evaluate structure and motion |
| embolism | An obstruction or plugging up of an artery or other blood-vessel. |
| endarterectomy | Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
| eosinophils | white blood cell that are responsible for combating infection by parasites in vertebrates |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells |
| fibrilation | rapid,random,ineffective contractions of the heart |
| hemangioma | Benign tumor of dilated blood vessels |
| hemochromatosis | a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells |
| hemolytic anemia | an anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) at a rate that exceeds production. |
| hemostasis | control of bleeding |
| homocysteine | an amino acid normally found in the blood and used by the body to build and maintain tissues |
| hypoperfusion | a deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part |
| ischemia | Condition in which there is a lack of blood supply to a part of the body caused by constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel |
| leukemia | cancer characterized by an increase in abnormal white blood cells |
| leukocytes | White blood cells |
| leukopenia | an abnormally low WBC count |
| megaloblastic anemia | a blood disorder characterized by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal |
| monocytes | A type of white blood cell that is a phagocyte. |
| myocardial infarction | destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle (heart attack) |
| myocarditis | Inflammation of the heart muscle |
| neutrophils | WBCs that fight against invading agents or injury. |
| palpitation | a rapid and irregular heart beat |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart |
| pernicious anemia | auto-immune disease; lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| phlebography | X-ray of the veins after injecting a contrast medium |
| plaque | A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall |
| polyarteritis | inflammation of several arteries |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | intermittent attacks of pallor (paleness), cyanosis (blue color), and redness of the fingers and toes |
| septicemia | Blood poisoning or a systemic disease caused by the spread of microorganisms in the blood |
| systolic | the blood pressure during that part of the heartbeat when the heart's ventricles are contracted and the blood is being pushed out into the arteries. |
| tachycardia | Abnormally rapid heartbeat |
| thrombocytes | platelets; cell fragments that are formed in the bone marrow; clot blood |
| thrombocytopenia | a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood |
| thrombolytic | medication adminstired to slow blood cloting and to prevent new clots from forming |
| thrombosis | the formation or presence of a thrombus in a blood vessel |
| thrombus | a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein |
| triglycerides | Fats composed of three fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol molecule |
| valvoplasty | the surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve (valvuloplasty) |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a heart valve |
| varicose veins | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs |
| vasculitis | inflammation of a blood vessel |
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | the advanced stage of HIV infection |
| Allergen | an overreaction by the body to a particular antigen; also known as hypersensitivity |
| Anaphylaxis | a severe response to a foreign substance such as a drug, food, insect venom, or chemical |
| Antibody (Ab) | a disease fighting protein caused by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen |
| Antigen (Ag) | any substance such as a virus, bacterium, or toxin that the body regards as foreign |
| Antiviral | medication used to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity |
| Aspergillosis | an infection caused by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus |
| Autoimmune disorder | disorder of the immune system in which the body attacks itself |
| Immunosuppressant | Medication that prevents or reduces the body's normal reactions to invasion by disease or by foreign tissues. |
| Immunosuppression | Treatment used to interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to antigen stimulation. |
| Immunotherapy | Treatment of disease either by enhancing or repressing the immune response. |
| Infectious mononucleosis | An infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (one of the herpes viruses) that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes. |
| Ductal carcinoma in situ | breast cancer at its earliest stage (stage 0) before the cancer has broken through the wall of the duct. |
| Invasive lobular carcinoma | cancer that starts in the milk glands (lobules), breaks through the wall of the gland and invades the fatty tissue of the breast. |
| Inguinal lymph nodes | are located in the inguinal (groin) area of the lower abdomen. |
| Interferon | produced by the T cells and is a family of proteins released by cells when invaded by a virus. Also causes noninfected cells to form an antiviral protein that slows or stops viral multiplication. |
| Kaposi's sarcoma | form of sarcoma that is frequently associated with HIV and may affect the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes and internal organs |
| Lumpectomy | surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue and a margin of normal tissue. |
| Lymphadenitis | inflammation of the lymph nodes: also known as swollen glands. |
| lymphadenopathy | any disease process usually involving enlargement of the lymph nodes. |
| lymphangiogram | a radiographic study of the lymphatic vessels and nodes with the use of a contrast medium to make these structures visible. |
| lymphangioma | a benign abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels forming a mass. |
| lymphedema | an abnormal accumulation of fluid primarily in the legs and ankles that occurs when veins or lymph vessels do not drain properly |
| lymphocytes | small white blood cells that bear the major responsibility for carrying out the activities of the immune system. |
| ELISA | also referred to as enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay; it is a blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies |
| Herpes zoster | An acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow by underlying route of the inflamed nerve; also known as shingles |
| Hodgkin's disease | is distinguished by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. These are large cancerous lymphocytes that are identified by microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen taken from an enlarged lymph node |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | A blood borne pathogen that invades and then progressively impairs or kills cells of the immune system |
| Immunodeficiency disorder | A condition that occurs when one or more parts of the immune system are deficient or missing |
| Immunoglobulin | A type of antibody produced naturally by the body; synthetic immunoglobulis are administered as a post exposure preventative measure against certain viruses such as rabies and some types of hepatitis |
| Immunologist | A specialist in the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the immune system |
| Lymphokines | produced by the T-cells; direct the immune response by signaling between the cells of the immune system |
| Lymphoma | a general term applied to malignancies that develop in the lymphatic system. |
| Macrophage | a type of phagocycte that protects the body by ingesting invading cells and by interacting with other cells of the immune system. |
| Metastasis | the new cancer site that results from the spreading process |
| Metastasize | the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another. |
| Neuroblastoma | a sarcoma of nervous system origin. |
| Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma. |
| Oncologist | a specialist in diagnosing and treating malignant disorders such as tumors and cancer. |
| Oncology | the study of the prevention, causes, and treatment of tumors and cancer. |
| Opportunistic infection | an infection that attacks a person with a weakened immune system |
| Osteosarcoma | a malignant tumor usually involving the upper shaft of long bones, the pelvis, or knee. |
| Neoplasm | new tumor growth that can be benign or malignant |
| axillary lymph nodes | Drain the breast and upper arm. |
| bacilli | Rod shaped bacteria ex: tetanus & tuberculosis |
| bacteria | single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes |
| bactericide | any drug that destroys bacteria or inhibits their growth |
| bacteriostatic | agent that slows or stops the growth of bacteria |
| brachytherapy | therapy using radioactive sources that are placed inside the body |
| carcinoma | any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue |
| cervical lymph nodes | located in the neck; drain the head and neck |
| complement | one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response |
| cytomegalovirus | a herpes-type virus that usually causes disease when the immune system is compromised |
| cytotoxic drugs | used for chemotherapy, are destructive to cells, stops reproduction of cancer cells. |
| parasite | an organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host |
| pathogen | An organism that causes disease |
| phagocyte | a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms |
| phagocytosis | the process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells |
| rabies | an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal. |
| retinoblastoma | is a malignant tumor of the retina that occurs predominantly in young children |
| rikettsia | small bacteria that live in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites that are transmitted to humans ex: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
| rubella | German measles; a mild viral infection marked by a pink rash and fever in children |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor that arises from connective tissue |
| spirochetes | spiral shaped bacteria ex: lyme disease |
| splenomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the spleen |
| splenorrhagia | hemorrhage of the spleen |
| staphylococci | bacteria growing in bunches (like grapes) ex: pneumonia & skin infections |
| streptococci | bacteria that form a chain ex: pharyngitis |
| teletherapy | radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body |
| thymus | a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity |
| western blot test | to confirm a positive result of the ELISA test (HIV)This blood test that has more accurate results than the ELISA test. |
| Anoxia | the absence or almost complete absence of oxygen from inspired gases, arterial blood, or tissues |
| Anthracosis | a form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs; also called black lung disease |
| Aphonia | loss of the ability to produce normal speech sounds |
| Apnea | the absence of spontaneous respiration |
| Asbestosis | a form of pneumoconiosis caused by the asbestos particles found in the lungs of workers from the ship building and construction trades |
| Asphyxia | pathological changes caused by a lack of oxygen in air that is inhaled |
| Asphyxiation | any interruption of breathing that results in the loss of consciousness or death; also known as suffocation |
| Asthma | a chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing |
| Atelectasis | a condition in which the lung fails to expand because air cannot pass beyond the bronchioles; also known as a collapsed lung |
| Bradypnea | an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually less than 10 breaths per minute |
| Bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of bronchi or bronchioles resulting from an earlier lung infection that was not cured |
| Bronchoconstrictor | medication that narrows the opening of the passages into the lungs |
| Croup | an acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by the obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough. |
| Bronchodilator | medication that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs |
| Bronchopneumonia | form of pneumonia that begins in bronchioles |
| Bronchorrhagia | bleeding from the bronchi |
| Bronchorrhea | excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi |
| Bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope |
| Cheyne -Stokes respiration | pattern of alternating periods of hyperpnea (rapid breathing), hypopnea (slow breathing) and apnea (absence of breathing) |
| Cystic fibrosis | a genetic disorder in which the lungs are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus and the digestive system is impaired by thick mucus and the digestive system is impaired by thick gluelike mucus that interferes with digestive juices. |
| Diphtheria | an acute infectious disease of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the presence of diphtheria bacteria. |
| Dysphonia | any voice impairment including hoarseness, weakness, or loss of voice. |
| Dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing also known as shortness of breath. |
| Emphysema | the progressive loss of lung function due to a decrease on the total number of alveoli, the enlargement of the remaining alveoli, and then the progressive destruction of their walls. |
| Empyema | an accumulation of pus in the pleural; also known as pyothorax. |
| Endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway. |
| Epiglottis | inflammation of the epiglottis. |
| Epistaxis | bleeding from the nose; also known as a nosebleed. |
| Hemoptysis | spitting of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs of bronchial tubes as the result of pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage. |
| Hemothorax | an accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity. |
| Hyperpnea | An abnormal increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements |
| Hyperventilation | Abnormally rapid deep breathing, resulting in decreased levels of carbon dioxide at the cellular level |
| Hypopnea | Shallow or slow respiration |
| Hypoxia | Subnormal oxygen levels in the cells that is less severe than anoxia |
| Influenza | An acute, highly contagious viral respiratory infection, that is spread by respiratory droplets and occurs most commonly during the colder months |
| Inhalation | The act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts and pulls downward |
| Laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx |
| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| Laryngoplasty | surgical repair of the larynx |
| Laryngoplegia | paralysis of the larynx |
| Laryngoscopy | visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope |
| Laryngospasm | a sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx, also known as sore throat |
| Pharyngoplasty | surgical repair of the pharynx |
| Pharyngorrhagia | bleeding from the pharynx |
| Pharyngorrhea | an abnormal discharge from the pharynx |
| Pleuralgia | pain in the pleura or in the side |
| Pleurectomy | surgical removal of part of the pleura |
| Pleurisy | inflammation of the visceral and parietal pleura in the thoracic cavity. |
| Pneumoconiosis | an abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact. |
| Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | a form of pneumonia caused by an infection with the parasite P carinii. |
| Pneumonectomy | surgical removal of all or part of a lung. |
| Pneumorrhagia | bleeding from the lungs. |
| Pneumothorax | An accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse. |
| Pyothorax | an accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity; also known as empyema |
| Rhinorrhea | an excessive flow of mucus from the nose; also known as a runny nose |
| Sinusitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| Sinusotomy | a surgical incision into a sinus |
| Spirometry | a testing method to record the volume of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time each breath takes |
| Tracheoplasty | surgical repair of the trachea |
| Tracheostomy | creating an opening into the trachea and inserting a tube to facilitate the passage of air or the removal of secretions |
| Tracheotomy | an emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage |
| Tuberculosis | an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs |
| Pharyng/o | throat, pharynx |
| Phon/o | sound or voice |
| Pleur/o | pleura; |
| -pnea | breathing |
| Pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu | lungs |
| Trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| Epiglott/o | Epiglottis |
| Bronch/o, Bronchi/o | bronchi |
| -ectasis | stretching, dilation, enlargement |
| atel/o | incomplete, imperfect |
| Mediastinum | also called interpleural space, located between the lungs this space contains the thoracic viscera. |
| Mycoplasma Pneumonia | A milder, but longer lasting form of pneumonia caused by the fungi, Mycoplasma |
| Nasopharyngitis | The common cold. |
| Otolaryngologist | Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the ears, and throat. |
| Otorhinolaryngologist | Specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the ears, nose, and throat. |
| Pertussis | Also known as whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by a paroxysmal cough. |
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FHS_MsLandry
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