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American Gov. 9th ed
Chapter 12 vocab; Wilson & DiIlulio, Jr. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston NY
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Divided Government | A government in which one party controls the White House and another party controls one or both houses of Congress. |
| Unified Government | A government in which the same party controls both the White House and both houses of Congress. When Bill Clinton became president in 1993, it was the first time since 1981 (and only the second time since 1969) that the same party was in charge. |
| Representative Democracy | Apolitical system in which leaders and representatives acquire political power by means of a competitive struggle for the people's vote. This is the form of government used by nations that are called democratic. |
| Direct (or Participatory) Democracy | A political system in which all or most citizens participate directly by either holding office or making policy. The town meeting, in which citizens vote on major issues, is an example of participatory democracy. |
| Pyramid Structure | A method of organizing a president's staff in which most presidential assistants report through a hierarchy to the president's chief of staff. |
| Circular Structure | A method of organizing a president's staff in which several presidential assistants report directly to the president. |
| Ad Hoc Structure | A method of organizing the president's staff in which several task forces, committees, and informal groups of friends and advisers deal directly with the president. |
| Perks | A short form of perquisites, meaning "fringe benefits of office." Among the perks of political office for high-ranking officials are limousines, expense accounts, free air travel, fancy offices, and staff assistants. |
| Cabinet | By custom, the cabinet includes the heads of the fourteen major executive departments. |
| Veto Message | One of two ways for a president to disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. The veto message must be sent to Congress within ten days after the president receives the bill |
| Pocket Veto | One of the two ways for a president to disapprove a bill sent to him by Congress. If the president does not sign the bill within ten days of his receiving it and Congress has adjourned within that time, the bill does not become a law. |
| Line-item Veto | The power of an execute to veto some provisions in an appropriations bill while approving others. The president does not have the right to exercise a line-item veto and must approve or reject an entire appropriations bill. |
| Trustee Approach | the view that an elected representative should act on his or her own best judgment of what public policy requires. |
| Delegate Model | The view that an elected representative should represent the opinions of his or her constituents. |
| Legislative Veto | The rejection of a presidential or administrative-agency action by a vote of one or both houses of Congress without the consent of the president. In 1983 the Supreme Court declared the legislative veto to be unconstitutional. |
| Impeachment | A formal accusation against a public official by the lower house of a legislative body. Impeachment is merely an accusation and not a conviction. Only two presidents, Andrew Johnson (1868) and Bill Clinton (1998) were ever impeached but not convicted.2/3 |
| Lame Duck | a politician who is still in office after having lost a reelection bid |
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Aizre
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