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Anatomy QI:Final
Cell Anatomy and Skeletal System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what divides the two ventral cavities | diaphragm |
| two parts of the thoracic cavity | mediastinum (contains pericardium) and pleura |
| three organs found in mediastinum | heart, trachea, esophagus |
| outer wall of a serous cavity | parietal serosa |
| inner wall of a serous cavity | visceral serosa |
| biological catalysts | enzymes |
| mechanism by which particles enter a cell | endocytosis |
| primary nonspecific defense mechanism of the host, an example of endocytosis | phagocytosis |
| mechanism that moves substances out of the cell | exocytosis |
| site of protein synthesis | ribosomes |
| network within the cytoplasm | endoplasmic reticulum |
| cell membrane factory | rough ER |
| stores ionic calcium in the cell | rough ER |
| site of lipid metabolism in the cell | smooth ER |
| post office of the cell | golgi apparatus |
| powerhouse of the cell | mitochondria |
| membrane-walled sacs that contain digestive enzymes | lysosomes |
| cell skeleton | cytoskeleton |
| control center of the cell | nucleus |
| tissue responsible for covering and lining | epithelial tissue |
| tissue responsible for support | connective tissue |
| tissue responsible for movement | muscle tissue |
| tissue responsible for control/communication | nervous tissue |
| one layer of cells in epithelial tiss. | simple |
| more than one layer of cells in epithelial tiss. | stratified |
| cells wider than tall, plate-like | squamous |
| cells as wide as they are tall | cuboidal |
| cells that are taller than they are wide | columnar |
| ducts that carry products to an epithelial surface or into a body cavity | exocrine gland |
| ductless glands that secrete substances directly into the blood stream | endocrine gland |
| organ that functions for both exocrine and endocrine | pancreas |
| most diverse and abundant tissue | connective tissue |
| 4 types of connective tissue | connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood |
| three types of membranes that combine epithelial and connective tissue | 1) cutaneous membrane, 2) mucous membrane, 3) serous membrane |
| striated and voluntary muscle tissue | skeletal muscle |
| striated and involuntary muscle tissue | cardiac muscle |
| non-striated and involuntary muscle tissue | smooth muscle |
| two layers of skin | epidermis, dermis |
| layer of skin classified as stratified squamous epithelial tissue | epidermis |
| layer of skin classified as connective tissue | dermis |
| lies deep to the skin and is not considered part of the skin | hypodermis |
| most abundant cell type in the epidermis, produces keratin | keratinocytes |
| epidermal cell type which produces a dark skin pigment | melanocytes |
| epidermal cell type associated with a sensory nerve ending, receptor for touch | merkel cells |
| epidermal cell type that uses endocytosis to take up antigens, immune system | langerhans cells |
| superficial layer of the dermis | papillary layer |
| papillary layer of dermis composed of ______ connective tissue | areolar |
| deep layer of the dermis | reticular layer |
| reticular layer of dermis composed of _______ connective tissue | dense irregular |
| is dermis vascularized? | yes |
| two names for hypodermis | superficial fascia, subcutaneous layer |
| two tissue types in hypodermis | areolar and adipose connective tissue |
| flexible strand of dead hard keratin | hair |
| two parts of a hair | root, shaft |
| sebaceous glands occur everywhere on the body except | palms and soles |
| sebaceous glands secrete | sebum |
| another name for sweat gland | sudoriferous gland |
| true sweat is | 99% water, some NaCl and metabolic wastes |
| sweat gland that produces true sweat | eccrine gland |
| larger of the sweat glands, produce sweat with fatty substances and proteins | apocrine gland |
| scale-like modification of epidermis, made of hard keratin | nails |
| membrane of fibrous connective tissue around the surface of cartilage | perichrondrium |
| most abundant cartilage type | hyaline cartilage |
| cartilage found at the ends of long bones and costal cartilage | hyaline cartilage |
| cartilage which contains many elastic fibers, able to tolerate repeated bending | elastic cartilage |
| cartilage found in the ear and epiglottis | elastic cartilage |
| cartilage which resists strong compression and strong tension | fibrocartilage |
| cartilage found in the intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci of the knee | fibrocartilage |
| blood cell formation | hematopoieisis |
| bones longer than they are wide | long bones |
| bones roughly cube-shaped | short bones |
| thin and flattened, usually curved bones | flat bones |
| bones of various shapes which do not fit into other categories | irregular bones |
| humerus is classified as a | long bone |
| carpals are classified as | short bones |
| ribs are classified as | flat bones |
| hip bones and bones of the vertebral column are classified as | irregular bones |
| dense outer layer of bone | compact bone |
| internal network of bone (three names) | spongy, cancellous, trabecular bone |
| shaft of a bone | diaphysis |
| ends of a bone | epiphysis |
| hollow cavity in the shaft of the bone filled with yellow marrow | medullary cavity |
| the fibrous membrane that covers the external surfaces of bones except at their articular surfaces | periosteum |
| fibers extending from the periosteum into the lamellae of the bone | sharpey's fibers/perforating fibers |
| membrane lining the medullary cavity of bone and other inner bone surfaces | endosteum |
| microscopic bone unit of compact bone consisting of haversian canals and lamellae, miniature weight-bearing pillars | osteon/haversian system |
| layer of bone matrix in which the collagen fibers and mineral crystals align and run in a single direction | lamella |
| fibers of adjacent lamella run in ______ directions | opposite |
| runs through the core of each osteon, contains blood vessels and nerve fibers | central/haversian canal |
| lie at right angles to central canals and connect blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to the central canals and marrow cavity | perforating canals/volkmann's canals |
| mature bone cells | osteocytes |
| osteocyte bodies occupy small cavities in compact bone called | lacunue |
| spider legs of osteocytes occupy thin tubes called | canaliculi |
| organic bone tissue makes up ____ of bone, list an abundant tissue that contributes to flexibility of bone | 35%, collagen |
| inorganic bone tissue makes up ____ of bone, name a mineral salt that provides bone with hardness and resistance to compressibility | 65%, calcium phosphate |
| how many total bones? in axial skeleton? appendicular? | 206, 80, 126 |
| name the paired cranial bones | temporal, parietal |
| name the unpaired cranial bones | frontal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid |
| feature of the frontal bone which holds the large frontal lobes of the brain | anterior cranial fossa |
| 4 regions of the temporal bone | squamosal, tympanic, petrous, mastoid |
| zygomatic process in on the ______ region of the _______ bone | squamosal region, temporal |
| mandibular fossa is on the ______ region of the ______ bone | squamosal region, temporal |
| temporal region that surrounds the external auditory meatus | tympanic region |
| styloid process is on the ______ region of the _____ bone | tympanic region, temporal |
| region just posterior to the tympanic region on the temporal bone | mastoid process |
| mastoid process is on the _____ region of the ____ temporal bone | mastoid, temporal |
| region of the temporal bone which projects medially and contributes to the cranial base | petrous region |
| carotid canal located on ____ region of the temporal bone | petrous |
| jugular foramen located on the _____ region of the temporal bone | petrous |
| three ossicles of the ear | malleus, incus, stapes |
| bone that spans the floor of the cranial base | sphenoid bone |
| saddle-shaped prominence on the superior surface of the body, seat of the saddle is called the ______, holds what? | sella turcica, hypophyseal fossa, pituitary gland |
| lies between nasal and sphenoid bones, forms most of the medial bony region between the nasal cavity and orbits | ethmoid bone |
| the superior surface of the ethmoid bone, contribute to the roof of the nasal cavity-what passes through the openings in this structure | cribriform plate, olfactory nerve |
| ethmoid bone: extend medially from the lateral masses and protrude into the nasal cavity | superior and middle nasal conchae |
| ethmoid bone: between the two cribriform plates, helps secure the brain w/in cranial cavity | crista galli |
| ethmoid bone: projects inferiorly and forms superior part of nasal septum | perpendicular plate |
| unpaired facial bones (2) | mandible and vomer |
| paired facial bones (6) | maxillary, zygomatic, nasals, lacrimals, palatines, inferior nasal conchae |
| forms the inferior part of the nasal septum | vomer |
| thin, curved bones that project medially to form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity | inferior nasal conchae |
| only bone with no articulation with any other bone | hyoid |
| how many number of vertebrae? | 26 |
| how many cervical vertebrae | 7 |
| how many thoracic vertebrae | 12 |
| how many lumbar vertebrae | 5 |
| inferior to lumbar vert | sacrum |
| most inferior region of vertebral column | coccyx |
| cervical and lumbar curvatures are ______ from a posterolateral view | concave |
| thoracic and sacral curvatures are _____ from a posterolateral view | convex |
| c1 vert is the | atlas |
| c2 vert is the | axis |
| dens is located on the | axis |
| sternum, 3 sections | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| total ribs | 12 |
| true ribs | 7 |
| false ribs | 5 |
| floating ribs | 2 |
| number of bones in upper extremities, lower extremities? | 64, 62 |
| more stable of the girdles for movement | pelvic girdle |
| more flexible of the girdles for movement | pectoral girdle |
| medial condyle of the humerus, articulates with ulna | trochlea |
| lateral condyle of the humerus that articulates with the radius | capitulum |
| humerus: located directly superior to the trochlea on posterior surface, receives the olecranon process of ulna when extended | olecranon fossa |
| humerus: located superior to the trochlea on anterior surface, receives the coronoid process of ulna when flexed | coronoid fossa |
| in anatomical position, which of the forearm bones is lateral? medial? | radius is lateral, ulna is medial |
| main bone that forms the elbow joint | ulna |
| smooth depression on the ulna which receives the radius | radial notch |
| name the 8 carpal bones | scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate |
| metacarpals and phalanges are all numbered 1-5 starting with which digit? | pollex |
| portion of the os coxae which forms the sacroiliac joint, what region of bone? | iliac, on the auricular region |
| the strongest part of the hip bone, bear most of our weight when sitting | ischial tuberosities |
| two pubic regions of os coxae joined by _____ cartilage at the _____ | fibrocartilage, pubic symphysis |
| a large hole between the pubis and ischium | obturator foramen |
| medial bone of the leg | tibia |
| forms the medial bulge of the ankle | medial malleolus |
| stick-like lateral bone of the leg | fibula |
| forms the lateral bulge of the ankle | lateral malleolus |
| ankle bone | talus |
| heel bone | calcaneus |
| cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiforms are examples of | tarsals |
Created by:
amyziolkowski
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