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ANA 113 Lecture 34
Urinary System 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kidneys | paired organs located in the abdominal region |
| Location of kidneys | retroperitoneal (for surgery go through the back, located on either side of the vertebral column (T12-L3) |
| Function of the kidneys | clears blood of waste products, toxins, etc (filters blood), regulates concentration of substances in the blood (salt, water, etc-> helped by hormones), produces erythropoetin, a hormone (affects RBC production), produces renin (influences blood pressure) |
| Gross structure of kidneys | Lima bean shaped, hilum, coverings |
| Hilum | indentation on medial side of kidneys, renal vessels enter and leave, ureter (transports urine)leaves kidney |
| What are the 3 layers of the covering of the kidney? | renal capsule, perirenal fat (adipose) and renal fascia |
| renal capsule | innermost layer on kidney, CT (when you hold a kidney this is what you are touching) |
| renal fascia | CT which anchors the kidney in place |
| Renal cortex | outmost region of the internal structure of the kideny, location of most of the glomeruli |
| Renal medulla | innermost region of the internal structure of the kidney, contains tubules and blood vessels |
| major and minor calyces | funnel-shaped chambers which recieve urine produced by the nephron |
| Renal pelvis | formed by the joining of the major and minor calyces, dilated uppermost portion of the ureter, located at the hilum (medial side) of the kidney |
| What is the path of urine in the kidney? | nephron->collecting ducts->tubules in renal pyramid-> minor calyces->major calyx->renal pelvis-> ureter |
| What is the sequence of blood supply in the kidney? | renal artery->afferent arterioles->glomerulus->efferent arterioles->peritubular capillaries->venules->renal vein |
| Nephron | functional unit of the kidney and is responsible for producing urine. it is composed of a specialized renal tubule associated with a unique vascular network composed of a glomerulus and peritubular capillaries |
| Glomerulus | specialized network of capillaries, located in the renal corterx between the afferent and efferent arterioles. composed of Fenestrated epithelium |
| Fenestrated epithelium | specialized epithelium of the glomerulus that has little spaces between the cells (little pores) |
| Peritubular cappillaries | branches of the efferent arteriole and empty into the kidney's venous system. they are the site of reabsorption of water and other substances (mosstly sodium and water) Hormones involved: ACTH and alderostone |
| Bowman's capsule | makes up the tubular portion of the nephron (first portion), double walled, cup-shaped portion of the kidney tubule, surrounds the glomerulus, lined with epitheilum containing podocyctes, has filtration slits |
| podocytes | specialized cells with extensions called foot processes |
| What is the structure of the filtration slits? | the foot processes of the podocytes interdigitate to form an elaborate network of small clefts between these cells. the clefts are called filtration slits and are guarded by a thin membrane-> creates a filtration barrier |
| What does the filtration barrier in the kidneys consist of? | (barrier where blood in the glomerular capillaries must pass to reach the space in the bowman's capsule) consists of Fenstrated epithelium, the basement membrane of the glomerular capillary and a thin membrane covering the filtration slit |
| What are the portions of the nephron after the Bowman's capsule? (actually contiunations) | proximal convoluted tubule->loop of Henle->distal conviluted tubule->(empty into-not part of bowman)common collecting (ducts) tubules-> (through renal pyramids)minor and major calyces->penal pelvis-> ureter->bladder->urethra |
Created by:
Kachmiel