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Anatomy Vocab Ch 10
Anatomy Vocab Ch 10 Marieb
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| River of Life | blood; heavier than water, about 5 times thicker; always slightly higher in temp than the body |
| blood | carries wastes, nutritents, body heat; the only fluid tissue in the body; both solid and liquid components; connective tissue that contains formed elements |
| formed elements | the living blood cells of the blood, suspended in nonliving fluid plasma matrix |
| plasma | nonliving fluid matrix of the blood; contains dissolved proteins appearing as fibrin strands during blood clotting; makes up 55% of whole blood, 90% water; straw colored; maintains body heat |
| erythrocytes | disc shaped red blood cells, the formed elements that function in oxygen transport; 45% of total volume of blood; aneucleate, contain very few organelles; "bag" of hemoglobin; outnumber WBC 1000 to 1 |
| buffy coat | the thin whitish layer at the junction between erythrocytes and plasma; contains leukocytes and platelets, makes up 1% of blood |
| leukocytes | white blood cells; act in various ways to protect the body; contain nuclei and organelles, unlike RBC's; defends the body against damage by bacteria, viruses, parasites, tumor cells |
| platelets | cells fragments that help stop bleeding; form from megakaryocytes, have irregular shape |
| hematocrit | the percentages when a blood sample is taken |
| blood alkalinity | pH between 7.35 and 7.45, slightly alkaline |
| blood volume | is 8% of body weight, in healthy men is about 6 quarts, in women about 5 |
| plasma substances | nutrients, salts or electrolytes, respiratory gasses, hormones, plasma proteins, various wastes and products of cell metabolism |
| plasma proteins | most abundant solutes, made by the liver; kept constant by hemostasis |
| albumin | carrier to shuttle molecules thru the circulation, important blood buffer, contributes to osmotic pressure of blood |
| acidosis | blood becomes too acid; corrected by the respiratory system and kidneys |
| alkalosis | blood becomes too alkaline; corrected by the respiratory system and kidneys |
| hemoglobin | mature red blood cells, iron bearing protein; transports bulk of oxygen that is carried in the blood; 250 million in a single red blood cell |
| anemia | decrease in the oxygen carrying ability of the blood |
| polycythemia | excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes |
| polycythemia vera | bone marrow cancer |
| secondary polycythemia | the body response to high altitudes where the air is thinner and less oxygen is available |
| diapedesis | leaping across, skip in and out of blood vessels so WBC's can get to infection |
| positive chemotaxis | the capability of WBC's to locate areas of tissue damage and infection by chemical "smell" |
| ameboid motion | WBC's form flowing cytoplasmic extensions that help move them along |
| leukocytosis | indicates that a bacterial or viral infection is being created or has been created in the body |
| leukopenia | abnormally low WBC count; common due to certain drugs |
| leukemia | cancer of the bone marrow |
| granulocytes | WBC's having lobed nuclei, include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
| agranulocytes | lack visible cytoplasmic granules; lymphocytes and monocytes |
| neutrophils | most numerous of WBC's; multilobed nucleus; phagocytes, partial to bacteria and fungi |
| eosinophils | number increase rapidly during allergies and infections by parasitic worms |
| basophils | contain large histamine containing granules |
| lymphocytes | slight larger tha RBC, live in lymphatic tissues, play a role in immune response, second most numerous leukocyte in the blood |
| monocytes | largest of the WBC; resemble large lymphocytes, when migrating into tissues they change to macrophages with huge appetites, fight chronic infection |
| "never let monkeys eat bananas" | neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
| megakaryocyte | multinucleate cells from which platelets are broken off and formed |
| hematopoiesis | blood cell formation in red bone marrow or myeloid tissue; flat bones of the skull and pelvis, ribs, sternum and proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur |
| myeloid tissue | red bone marrow |
| hemocytoblast | stem cell which from all formed elements of the blood, found in red bone marrow |
| lymphoid stem cell | produce lymphocytes |
| myeloid stem cell | produce all classes of formed elements of the blood except lymphocytes |
| reticulocyte | a young red blood cell, enters the blood stream to begin transporting oxygen; becomes the hemocytoblast |
| erythropoietin | the hormone that controls eyrythrocyte production |
| thrombopoietin | accelerates the production of platelets |
| bone marrow biopsy | narrow needle aspirates red marrow from one of the flat bones |
| colony stimulating factors (CSF's) and interleukins | hormones that stimulate the formation of leukocytes and platelets |
| blood hemostasis | stoppage of blood flow; vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation or blood clotting |
| vascular spasm | immediate response to blood vessel injury, vasoconstriction, causes blood vessel spasm and narrowing, decreasing blood flow |
| platelet plug | underlying collagen fibers are exposed, platelets become sticky and cling to the damaged site; platelets release chemical to attrack more platelets to the site |
| coagulation | tissue factor (TF) is released; PF3 phosopholipid interacts with TF, vitamin K and blood protein clotting factors act with calcium ions to form the "clotting cascade" |
| thrombin | is created from prothrombin activator converting prothrombin to this enzyme |
| fibrin | thrombin join fibronigen proteins to create this hairlike molecule, forming the meshwork that traps RBC and form basis of blood clot |
| serum | plasma minus the cloting proteins, help in pulling ruptured edges of blood vessel closer together |
| thrombus | clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vesel |
| embolus | thrombus that has broken away from a vessel wall and floats freely in the bloodstream |
| thrombocytopenia | platelet deficiency |
| petechiae | broken vessels cause this purplish spotting on the surface of the skin |
| hemophilia | hereditary bleeding disorders that result from a lack of any factors needed for clotting |
| antigen | substance the body recognizes as foreign, stimulating the immune system to realease antibodies |
| antibodies | bear antigens different from those on the RBC, recognize and attack foreign substance |
| agglutination | binding of the antibodies, causing foreign RBC to clump (in blood transfusions of incorrect blood) clogging blood flow thru the body |
| hemolysis | rupture of RBC |
| type O blood | absence of A and B antigens; can receive only O blood; is universal donor blood |
| type AB blood | presence of both A and B antigens; can receive A, B, AB and O blood |
| type A blood | only A antigen is present; can receive A and O blood |
| type B blood | only B antigen is present; can receive B and O blood |
| Rh+ | most americans are this type, carry the Rh antigen; receiving the incorrect Rh factor will cause anti-Rh antibodies |
| hemolytic disease of newborn | baby is anemic and becomes hypoxic and cyanotic, brain damage and death due to Rh factor mismatch between mother and baby |
| fetal hemoglobin (HbF) | different from the hemoglobin formed after birth; HbA (hemoglobin A) replaces fetal RBC; the cause of jaundice |
| physiologic jaundice | the condition in newborns caused when fetal hemoglobin is being changed to hemoglobin A |
Created by:
erosok
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