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Resp System Chapt 7
Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nose | nas/o |
| nose (primary function) | exchanges air during inhaling & exhaling; warms, moisturizes & filters inhaled air |
| sinuses | sinus/o |
| sinuses (primary function) | produce mucus for the nasal cavities, make bones of the skull lighter, aid in sound production |
| pharynx | pharyng/o |
| pharynx (primary function) | transports air back & forth between the nose & the trachea |
| larynx | laryng/o |
| larynx (primary function) | makes speech possible |
| epiglottis | epiglott/o |
| epiglottis (primary function) | closes off the trachea during swallowing |
| trachea | trache/o |
| trachea (primary function) | transports air back & forth between the pharynx & the bronchi |
| bronchi | bronch/o, bronchi/o |
| bronchi (primary function) | transports air from the trachea into the lungs |
| alveoli | alveol/o |
| alveoli (primary function) | air sacs that exchange gases with the pulmonary capillary blood |
| lungs | pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o |
| lungs (primary function) | bring oxygen into the body & remove carbon dioxide & some water waste from the body |
| Functions of the Respiratory System: | bring oxygen from the inhaled air into the blood for delivery to the body cells; expel waste products returned to the lungs by the blood; produce the airflow through the larynx that makes speech possible |
| upper respiratory tract | consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx & trachea |
| lower respiratory tract | consists of the bronchial tree & lungs; protected by the thoracic cavity |
| How does air enter the body? | through the nose & passes through the nasal cavity |
| nasal septum | is a wall of cartilage that divides the nose into 2 equal sections |
| septum | is a wall that separates 2 chambers |
| cilia | the thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air to remove debris |
| mucous membranes | are the specialized tissues that line the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, & urinary systems |
| mucus | secreted by the mucous membranes; protects & lubricates these tissues; helps to moisten, warm & filter the air as it enters |
| olfactory receptors | are nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell |
| paranasals sinuses | air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane; located in the bones of the skull |
| para | near |
| nas | nose |
| -al | pertaining to |
| What are the functions of the sinuses? | to make the bones of the skull lighter; to help produce sound by giving resonance to the voice; to produce mucus to provide lubrication for the tissues of the nasal cavity |
| frontal sinuses | are located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows |
| sphenoid sinuses | are located in the sphenoid bones; are close to the optic nerves |
| maxillary sinuses | are the largest of the paranasal sinuses; are located in the maxillary bones |
| ethmoid sinuses | are located in the ethmoid bones; are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the orbital cavity by only a thin layer of bone |
| pharynx | AKA throat |
| nasopharynx | is the first division; is posterior to the nasal cavity & continues downward to behind the mouth; is used only for our respiratory system; transports only air |
| nas/o | nose |
| -pharynx | throat |
| orophyarynx | is the second division; the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth; shared by the respiratory & digestive systems & transports air, food & fluids downward to the laryngopharynx |
| or/o | mouth |
| laryngopharynx | is the third division; shared by both the respiratory & digestive systems |
| larynx | AKA voice box; triangular; located between the pharynx & the trachea |
| thyroid cartilage | protects larynx; largest; AKA the Adam's apple |
| How does air pass through the vocal cords? | during breathing, they are separated to let air pass; during speech, they close together |
| protective swallowing | during swallowing, the soft palate, which is the muscular posterior portion of the roof of the mouth, moves up & backward to close off the nasopharynx; it prevents food or liquid from going into the nose |
| epiglottis | is a lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue |
| trachea | AKA windpipe; the tube located directly in front of the esophagus that extends from the neck to the chest; made up of C-shaped cartilage; flexible walls inbetween to make movement possible |
| bronchial tree | AKA bronchi |
| bronchi | formed where the trachea divides into 2 branches known as the primary bronchi |
| bronchioles | smalles branches of the bronchi |
| bronchial tree | looks like an upside down tree; 1 branch going into each lung |
| alveoli | AKA air sacs; very small grape-like clusters found at the end of each bronchiole; contain millions of alveoli that are filled with air from the bronchioles |
| What surrounds the alveoli? | a network of microscopic pulmonary capillaries; during respiration, the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the alveolar air & the pulmonary capillary blood occurs through the walls of the alveoli |
| lungs | the organs of respiration |
| right lung | has 3 lobes: the superior, middle & inferior |
| left lung | has only 2 lobes: the superior & inferior |
| mediastinum | is the cavity located between the lungs |
| pleura | is a thin, moist & slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the rib cage |
| parietal pleura | is the outer layer of the pleura that lines the walls of the thoracic cavity, covers the diaphragm & forms the sac containing each lung |
| visceral pleura | is the inner layer of pleura that surrounds each lung |
| pleural cavity | AKA the pleural space, is the airtight area between the layers of the pleural membranes. This space contains a thin layer of fluid that allows the membranes to slide easily during breathing |
| diaphragm | is the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdomen |
| respiration | is the exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide that is essential to life |
| A single respiration consists of: | one inhalation & one exhalation |
| inhalation | is the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts & pulls downward. This action causes the thoracic cavity to expand. This produces a vacuum within the thoracic cavity that draws air into the lungs |
| exhalation | is the act of breathing out. As the diaphragm relaxes, it moves upward, causing the thoracic cavity to become narrower. This action forces air out of the lungs |
| external respiration | is the act of bringing air into & out of the lungs & exchanging gases from this air |
| As air is inhaled into the alveoli, | oxygen immediately passes into the surrounding capillaries & is carried by the erythrocytes to all body cells. |
| At the same time, the waste product carbon dioxide that has passed into the bloodstream is: | transported into the airspaces of the lungs to be exhaled |
| internal respiration | is the exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs, cells & tissues |
| In this process: | oxygen passes from the bloodstream into the cells, the cells give off the waste product carbon dioxide & this passes into the bloodstream, the bloodstream transports carbon dioxide to the lungs where it is expelled during exhalation |
Created by:
Karebear
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