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ANATOMY • PHYSIOLOGY

QuestionAnswer
What is a cell? The smallest living unit of the body.
What is a tissue? A group of similar cells working together.
What is an organ? A structure made of different tissues working together.
What is an organ system? A group of organs working together.
What is homeostasis? Maintaining a stable internal environment.
What are the four main tissue types? Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
What does epithelial tissue do? Covers and protects body surfaces.
What does connective tissue do? Supports and connects body structures.
What does muscle tissue do? Produces movement.
What does nervous tissue do? Sends messages throughout the body.
What does superior mean? Above.
What does inferior mean? Below.
What does anterior mean? Front of the body.
What does posterior mean? Back of the body.
What does medial mean? Toward the middle of the body.
What does lateral mean? Away from the middle of the body.
What does proximal mean? Closer to the point of attachment.
What does distal mean? Farther from the point of attachment.
What does supine mean? Lying on the back.
What does prone mean? Lying on the stomach.
What is the integumentary system? The body system that includes skin, hair, and nails.
What are the three main skin layers? Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.
What is the epidermis? The outermost layer of skin.
What is the dermis? The middle skin layer containing nerves, glands, and blood vessels.
What is the hypodermis? The deepest layer containing fat and connective tissue.
What does the sebaceous gland produce? Sebum, or oil.
What does the sweat gland produce? Sweat.
What is a hair follicle? The structure from which hair grows.
What is the hair shaft? The visible part of the hair.
What does the arrector pili muscle do? Makes hair stand up.
What are the five main functions of skin? Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D production, and preventing water loss.
What is a mucous membrane? A membrane lining passages that open to the outside.
What is a serous membrane? A membrane that covers organs and lines closed body cavities.
What is a synovial membrane? A membrane lining movable joint cavities.
What is a cutaneous membrane? The skin.
How many bones are in the average adult skeleton? 206 bones.
What are the five functions of the skeletal system? Support, protection, movement, blood cell production, and mineral storage.
What is the axial skeleton? The skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.
What is the appendicular skeleton? The arms, legs, shoulder girdle, and pelvic girdle.
What is the cranium? The part of the skull that protects the brain.
What is the mandible? The lower jawbone.
What is the clavicle? The collarbone.
What is the scapula? The shoulder blade.
What is the sternum? The breastbone.
What are vertebrae? The bones that make up the spine.
What is the humerus? The upper arm bone.
What is the radius? The forearm bone on the thumb side.
What is the ulna? The forearm bone on the little-finger side.
What is the femur? The thigh bone.
What is the patella? The kneecap.
What is the tibia? The larger shin bone.
What is the fibula? The smaller bone of the lower leg.
What is cartilage? Flexible tissue that cushions joints.
What is a ligament? Tissue that connects bone to bone.
What is a tendon? Tissue that connects muscle to bone.
What is bone marrow? Tissue inside bones; red marrow produces blood cells.
What is osteoporosis? A condition that weakens bones.
What is a fracture? A broken bone.
What is a joint? A place where two or more bones meet.
What is a ball-and-socket joint? A joint allowing movement in many directions, such as the shoulder.
What is a hinge joint? A joint that mainly bends and straightens, such as the elbow.
What is a pivot joint? A joint allowing rotation, such as a joint in the neck.
What is a gliding joint? A joint where bones slide past one another.
What does the muscular system do? Produces movement, maintains posture, stabilizes joints, and generates heat.
What are the three types of muscle tissue? Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
What is skeletal muscle? Voluntary muscle attached to bones.
What is cardiac muscle? Involuntary muscle found in the heart.
What is smooth muscle? Involuntary muscle found in organs such as the stomach and intestines.
What is the deltoid? The shoulder muscle.
What is the biceps? The muscle at the front of the upper arm.
What is the triceps? The muscle at the back of the upper arm.
What is the pectoralis major? A large chest muscle.
What are the abdominal muscles? Muscles in the stomach area.
What is the trapezius? A muscle across the upper back and neck.
What is the gluteus maximus? A large muscle of the buttocks.
What are the quadriceps? Muscles at the front of the thigh.
What are the hamstrings? Muscles at the back of the thigh.
What is the gastrocnemius? A major calf muscle.
What is flexion? Decreasing the angle of a joint.
What is extension? Increasing the angle of a joint.
What is abduction? Moving a body part away from the midline.
What is adduction? Moving a body part toward the midline.
What is rotation? Turning a body part around an axis.
What is muscle atrophy? A decrease in muscle size.
What does CNA stand for? Certified Nursing Assistant.
What does ADL stand for? Activities of Daily Living.
What are examples of ADLs? Bathing, dressing, grooming, eating, and toileting.
What does PPE stand for? Personal Protective Equipment.
What is hand hygiene? Cleaning hands to prevent the spread of infection.
What are standard precautions? Infection prevention practices used for all residents.
What is ambulation? Walking.
What is a transfer? Moving a resident from one surface to another.
What is a gait belt? A belt used to assist with certain transfers and walking.
What are vital signs? Measurements that help monitor a person's health.
What does pulse measure? Heartbeats per minute.
What do respirations measure? Breaths per minute.
What does blood pressure measure? The pressure of blood against artery walls.
What does oxygen saturation measure? The percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen.
What is ROM? Range of Motion.
What is active ROM? Movement performed independently by the resident.
What is passive ROM? Movement performed by a caregiver for the resident.
What is active-assisted ROM? Movement performed by the resident with assistance.
What is intake? Fluids entering the body.
What is output? Fluids leaving the body.
How many milliliters are approximately in one ounce? 30 mL.
What is supine positioning? Positioning a resident on their back.
What is lateral positioning? Positioning a resident on their side.
What is Fowler's position? Positioning with the head of the bed elevated.
What is documentation? Recording accurate information about resident care and observations.
What should a CNA do when a resident refuses care? Respect the refusal and report it to the nurse according to policy.
What should a CNA do when a resident reports new pain? Stop the activity and report the pain to the nurse.
What is resident confidentiality? Keeping private resident information protected.
What is resident dignity? Treating every resident with respect and protecting their privacy.
Created by: akiyahlolxx
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