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Anatomy Unit 5
Muscle Tissue
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle | voluntary control; striated; attached to bones; moves the body; |
| Smooth muscle | involuntary; walls of organs/blood vessels |
| Cardiac muscle | striated; involuntary/autorhythmic (pacemaker); heart |
| movement, posture, thermogenesis, regulating organ volume | general functions of muscles |
| excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity | properties of muscular tissue |
| muscle fibers | muscle cells; multi nucleated |
| Fascia | dense sheet of irregular connective tissue; supports and surrounds muscles with similar functions |
| epimysium, perimysium, endomysium | connective tissue components |
| epimysium | outermost layer of fibrous connective tissue sheath that envelops each muscle |
| perimysium | surrounds groups of 10-100 muscle fibers; partitions each muscle into fascicles |
| fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers |
| endomysium | innermost layer; thin sheath around each individual muscle fiber |
| sarcolemma | plasma membrane of muscle fiber/cell |
| transverse tubules | carry muscle action potentials deep into fiber |
| sarcoplasm | cytoplasm of muscle fiber/cell |
| sarcoplasm reticulum | encircles each myofibril; fluid filled membranous sacs; stores Ca2 |
| myofibril | contractile organelle of muscle cells; run the length of muscle cells |
| myofilaments | filaments within the myofibril |
| actin | thin filaments; involved in contraction; form sacromeres |
| myosin | thick filaments; involved in contraction; form sacromeres |
| sacromere | compartments that are the functional unit of myofibril |
| Z discs | dense protein bands; separate sacromeres; thin filaments anchor here |
| A band | spans full length of thick filaments; darker middle portion; ends are zone of overlap (thick and thin) |
| H zone | center of each A band; thick filaments only |
| I band | contains thin filaments only; z discs pass through center |
| M line | proteins hold thick filaments together; center of H zone |
| contractile, regulatory, structural | 3 types of muscle proteins |
| contractile proteins | generate force for contractions; has myosin-binding sites and is anchored to Z discs; myosin and actin |
| regulatory proteins | switch on and off the contractions; tropomyosin, troponin |
| structural proteins | keep actin/myosin aligned; give elasticity and extensibility to myofibril; titin; stabilizes thick filaments |
| organ | muscle fibers, connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves |
| supply of muscles | 1 nerve, 1 artery, and 1-2 veins |
| fusion of hundreds of myoblasts | how do fibers form? |
| satellite cells | allow limited repair of muscle fibers |
| hypertrophy | existing fibers enlarge |
| glycogen | fuel for ATP |
| myoglobin | red, hemoglobin-like; stores/releases 02 |
| triad | 1 T tubule and 2 terminal cisterns |
| myosin shape | two twisted tails form the shaft of the thick filament and point toward the M line; each molecule has 2 heads |
Created by:
auweb921
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