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Chabner Ch10 - Patho
Nervous System - Pathology Neurological Disorders
Question | Answer |
---|---|
hydrocephalus | abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain. |
spina bifida | congenital defects in the lumber spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect). |
alzheimer disease (AD) | brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning. |
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. |
epilepsy | chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity. |
huntington disease | hereditary disorder marked by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration. |
multiple sclerosis (MS) | destruction of the myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue. |
myasthenia gravis (MG) | autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles. |
palsy | paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function). |
parkinson disease (parkinsonism) | degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia, occuring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement. |
tourette syndrome | involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words. |
herpes zoster (shingles) | viral infection affecting peripheral nerves. |
meningitis | inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis. |
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy | brain disease and dementia occuring with AIDS. |
brain tumor | abnormal growth of brain and tissue and meninges. |
cerebral concussion | temporary brain dysfunction (brief loss of consciousness) after injury, usually clearing within 24 hours. |
cerebral contusion | bruising of brain tissue as a result of direct trauma to the head; neurologic deficits persist longer than 24 hours. |
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke. |
migraine | severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache. |