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Anatomy Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pectoral girdle | clavicle and scapula (shoulder) |
| pelvic girdle | hip |
| sternoclavicular joint | joint at clavicle and sternum |
| acromioclavicular joint | joint at clavicle and acromion of scapula |
| glenohumeral joint | joint at glenoid cavity and head of humerus |
| medial border | longest border of scapula |
| lateral border | thickest border of scapula |
| superior border | shortest border of scapula |
| supra scapular notch | border where nerve passes through |
| coracoid process | projects from the anterior surface near the glenoid cavity |
| acromion | highest point of the shoulder; meets the clavicle |
| superior angle | fibers of elevator scapulae |
| inferior angle | teres major muscle |
| supraspinous fossa | supraspinous muscle |
| infraspinous fossa | infraspinous muscles |
| sub scapular fossa | subscapulares muscles |
| inter tubercular groove | runs between the greater tubercle (lateral) and lesser tubercle (medial) |
| radial groove | carries the radial nerve |
| capitulum | articulates with the head of the radius |
| trochlea | articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna |
| ulna | medial bone of forearm |
| radius | lateral bone of forearm |
| interosseous membrane | join the radius and ulna along their shafts |
| radial tuberosity | attachment for the tendon of the biceps brachii |
| metacarpals | numbered I-V starting with thumb; 5 of them |
| pollex | thumb |
| proximal row (carpals) | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform |
| distal row (carpals) | Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate |
| pubic symphysis | where the 2 bones of the pelvic girdle are joined at anteriorly |
| ilium, ischium, pubis | 3 fused bones of the pelvis |
| acetabulum | socket for the head of the femur |
| greater sciatic notch | passage for the sciatic nerve |
| lesser sciatic notch | passage for the internal pudendal nerve and vessels |
| ischial tuberosity | what you sit on; sacrotuberous ligament attaches |
| obturator foramen | large opening bordered by the pubis and ischium; obturator vessels pass through |
| fovea capitis | small pit in the head of the femur |
| linea aspera | rough ridge on posterior shaft of femur |
| tibial tuberosity | attachment for the patellar ligament |
| talus | only tarsal that articulates with the tibia and fibula |
| head of fibula | proximal end, articulates with the tibia and not the femur |
| medial malleolus | distal tibia; articulates with talus |
| Calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Medial cuneiform, Intermediate cuneiform, Lateral cuneiform, Cuboid | 7 tarsals |
| metatarsals | numbered I-V starting with great toe |
| hallux | great toe/big toe |
| phalanges | 12 per foot; hallux has only proximal and distal |
| arches | support and distribute body weight and absorb shock |
| joint | articulation, point of contact between 2 bones |
| structure and function | classification of joints |
| fibrous | no synovial cavity, articulating bones held closely together, dense irregular connective tissue, little to no movement |
| cartilaginous | no synovial cavity, little to no movement, hyaline cartilage/fibrocartilage |
| synovial | has a synovial cavity, freely movable joints, articular capsules and accessory ligaments |
| synarthrosis | no movement |
| amphiarthrosis | slight movement |
| diarthrosis | free movement |
| periodontal ligament | holds a tooth in its socket |
| hyaline cartilage | connects bones for synchondrosis joints |
| fibrocartilage (midline) | cartilage that is in symphysis joints |
| synostosis | when growth ends and an epiphyseal plate ossifies and the synchondrosis becomes a bony fusion |
| articular cartilage | hyaline cartilage covering the bone ends; reduces friction, doesn't bind the bones together |
| fibrous capsule (outer) | thickened continuation of the periosteum; parallel bundles form ligaments |
| synovial membrane (inner) | areolar tissue with elastic fibers; may contain articular fat pads, makes synovial fluid |
| synovial fluid | lubricates, nourishes articular cartilage, removes wastes; clear pale yellow; gel-like when the joint is still, more fluid with movement |
| extra capsular ligaments | outside the capsule; fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee |
| intracapsular ligaments | inside the capsule but excluded from the synovial cavity; anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments |
| bursae | saclike structures that reduce friction |
| plane | flat surface slide over each other; gliding |
| hinge | spool-shaped process in a concave socket; uniaxial |
| pivot | rounded process turns in a ring of bone and ligament; uniaxial |
| condyloid | oval condyle in an elliptical socket; biaxial |
| saddle | one saddle-shaped surface; the other bone sits like a rider; biaxial |
| ball-and-socket | ball in a cup-shaped socket; triaxial |
| gliding | flat surfaces slide; no change in angle |
| flexion | decreases angle between bones |
| extension | increases angle between bones |
| hyperextension | extension beyond the anatomical position |
| lateral flexion | sideways bending of the trunk |
| abduction | away from midline |
| adduction | toward midline |
| circumduction | distal end of a bone moves in a circle |
| rotation | bone pivots on its own long axis |
| supination | forearm turns so the palm faces anteriorly |
| pronation | distal radius crosses over the ulna; palm faces posteriorly |
| dorsiflexion | toes move up toward shin |
| plantar flexion | toes point down |
| inversion | sole turns inward |
| eversion | sole turns outward |
| suture | found between bones of the skull |
| gomphosis | fibrous tissue connects tooth roots to alveolar process of jaws |
| syndesmosis | bones joined by interosseous membrane |
| synchondrosis | hyaline cartilage connects articulating bones |
| symphysis | broad flat disc of fibrocartilage connects bone |
Created by:
auweb921
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