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RUSOM_Head & Neck
Anatomy Practical
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Innervation of Occipitofrontalis m.? | Occiptal Part - Posterior auricular branch of facial n. Frontalis part - Temporal branches of facial n. |
| Function of Occipitofrontalis m.? | Raise eyebrows, move scalp |
| Sensory innervation of scalp? | V1, cervical plexus |
| Lymph drainage of Anterior Scalp & Forehead? | Submandibular l.n. |
| Lymph drainage of Lateral Scalp? | Parotid l.n. |
| Lymph drainage of Central face & lower lip? | Submental l.n. |
| What pharyngeal arch is associated with CN VII? | 2nd |
| What pharyngeal arch is associated with CN X? | 4th |
| What pharyngeal arch is associated with CN IX? | 3rd |
| What pharyngeal arch is associated with CN V3? | 1st |
| What are the branches of CN V1? | Supratrochlear, supraorbital, lacrimal, inferior trochlear, external nasal |
| What are the branches of CN V2? | Infrorbital, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal |
| What are the branches of V3? | Mental, buccal, auriculotemporal |
| What are the terminal branches of the External Carotid a.? | Supraorbital a. & supratrochlear a. |
| Lymph drainage of Forehead + Anterior Face? | Submandibular l.n. |
| Lymph drainage of Lateral Face? | Parotid l.n. |
| What bone(s) are found in the Forehead? | Frontal |
| What bone(s) are found in the Superior Orbit? | Orbital part of frontal bone |
| What bone(s) are found in the Lateral Orbit? | Zygomatic + Sphenoid |
| What bone(s) are found in the Inferior Orbit? | Zygomatic + Maxilla |
| What bone(s) are found in the Medial Orbit? | Ethmoid + Lacrimal + Frontal + Sphenoid M=ELFS |
| What bone(s) are found in the Cheek? | Zygomatic |
| What bone(s) are found in the Upper Lip + Jaw? | Maxilla |
| What bone(s) are found in the Lower Lip + Jaw? | Mandible |
| What bone(s) are found in the Nose? | Nasal |
| What is the function of the Buccinator? | Keeps food between teeth during mastication; Also for sucking and blowing |
| Where does the Pterygoid Plexus drain? | Into Cavernous Sinus |
| What are the S/S of Bell's Palsy? | Drooping lower eyelid (Ectropion); Spilling of tears (Epiphora); Inability to blink (close eyelids) |
| What nerve is damaged in Bell's Palsy? | CN VII |
| What innervates the Platysma m.? | CN VII |
| What fibers are in CN VII? | SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE |
| What is the path of the Facial n.? | 1. Posterior Cranial Fossa 2. IAM w/CN VIII & Labyrinthe a. 3. Facial canal (in petrous temporal bone) 4. Stylomastoid foramen 5. Through parotid gland to face |
| What type of ganglion is found in the petrous temporal bone for CN VII? | Geniculate ganglion = sensory |
| What nerve is given off by the facial n. BEFORE it enters the facial canal? | Interossesus n. 1. Nerve to Stapedius 2. Greater Superficial Petrosal n. |
| What glands does the Greater Superficial Petrosal n. supply? | Lacrimal, Nasal, Palatine, Pharyngeal glands |
| What is another name for the nerve of the pterygoid canal? | Vidian n. |
| When does the facial n. give off the chorda tympani n.? | When it transverses the facial canal |
| What provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue? | Chorda tympani from CN VII |
| Which branches does CN VII give off before entering the parotid gland? | Posterior auricular n. Branch to posterior belly of digastric m. Branch to stylohyoid m. |
| What branches originate from the Parotid gland? | TZAMC: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical |
| Where does CN I exit the skull? | Cribriform plate |
| Where does CN II exit the skull? | Optical canal |
| Where does CN III exit the skull? | Superior orbital fissure |
| Where does CN IV exit the skull? | Superior orbital fissure |
| Where does CN V1 exit the skull? | Superior orbital fissure |
| Where does CN V2 exit the skull? | Foramen rotundum |
| Where does CN V3 exit the skull? | Foramen ovale |
| Where does CN VI exit the skull? | Superior orbital fissure |
| Where does CN VII exit the skull? | Stylomastoid foramen |
| Where does CN VIII exit the skull? | Remains within cranium |
| Where does CN IX exit the skull? | Jugular foramen |
| Where does CN X exit the skull? | Jugular foramen |
| Where does CN XI exit the skull? | Jugular foramen |
| Where does CN XII exit the skull? | Hypoglossal canal |
| Which CNs exit from the Superior orbital fissure? | CN III, IV, V1, VI |
| Which CNs exit from the Jugular foramen? | CN IX, X, XI |
| Which CNs exit from the Cribriform plate? | CN I |
| Which CNs exit from the Optical canal? | CN II |
| Which CNs exit from the Foramen Rotundum? | CN V2 |
| Which CNs exit from the Foramen Ovale? | CN V3 |
| Which CNs exit from the stylomastoid foramen? | CN VII |
| Which CNs exit from the Hypoglossal canal? | CN XII |
| Which CNs remain in the cranium? | CN VIII |
| Which structures are innervated by CN I? | Nasal (SVA) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN II? | Retina (SSA) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN III? | Extraocular m. (GSE) Sphincter of pupil & ciliary m. of eyeball (GVE) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN IV? | Superior oblique m. |
| Which structures are innervated by CN V1? | Orbit + skin of face (GSA) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN V2? | Nasal cavity + skin of face (SVE) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN V3? | Oral cavity + skin of face Muscles of mastication + accessory muscles |
| Which structures are innervated by CN VI? | Lateral rectus m. (GSE) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN VII? | Muscles of facial expression (SVE) Lacrimal & salivary gland (GVE) Anterior 2/3 of tongue (SVA, GSA) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN VIII? | Semicircular canals & cochlea (SSA) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN IX? | Stylopharnygeus m. (SVE) Parotid gland (GVE) External ear & walls of Pharynx (SVA) Posterior 1/3 of tongue (SVA?) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN X? | Muscles of larynx & pharynx (SVE) Smooth muscle of gut (GVE) Root of tongue (SVA) Larynx & gut (GVA) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN XI? | Sternocleidomastoid m, Trapezius m. (SVE) |
| Which structures are innervated by CN XII? | Muscles of tongue (GSE) |
| What is the name of CN I? | Olfactory n. |
| What is the name of CN II? | Optic n. |
| What is the name of CN III? | Oculomotor n. |
| What is the name of CN IV? | Trochlear n. |
| What is the name of CN V? | Trigeminal n. |
| What is the name of CN VI? | Abducens n. |
| What is the name of CN VII? | Facial n. |
| What is the name of CN VIII? | Vestibulocochlear n. |
| What is the name of CN IX? | Glossopharyngeal n. |
| What is the name of CN X? | Vagus n. |
| What is the name of CN XI? | Accessory n. |
| What is the name of CN XII? | Hypoglossal n. |
| Lesion of CN III? | Eye is down & out |
| Lesion of CN IV? | Eye cannot depress; double vision when pt looks down/lateral |
| Lesion of CN VI? | Eye cannot abduct |
| What innervates the strap m. (sternohyoid, omohyoid)? | Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3) |
| What innervates thyrohyoid m? | C1 |
| What innervates all of the muscles of the tongue, except palatoglossus? | CN XII |
| What innervates the palatoglossus? | CN X |
| What innervates cricothyroid? | External laryngeal n. |
| What innervates all pharyngeal m.? (motor) | CN X |
| What innervates stylopharyngeus m? | CN IX |
| What innervates all of the muscles of the palate, except tensor veli palatini? | CN X |
| What innervates the tensor veli palatini? | CN V3 |
| What innervates the submandibular gland? | CN VII |
| What innervates the sublingual gland? | CN VII |
| What are the roots of the phrenic n? | C3, C4, C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive) |
| What drains into the superior meatus? | Post. ethmoidal sinus |
| What drains into the middle meatus? | AMFM (ant. ethmoidal, middle ethomoidal, frontal, maxillary sinuses) |
| What drains into the inferior meatus? | Nasolacrimal duct |
| What drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess? | Sphenoid sinus |
| What is the function of the cricothyroid? | Tenses vocal cords, raises pitch of voice |
| What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid? | ABduct vocal cords; opens rima glottides **ONLY ABductor |
| What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid? | Adduct vocal cords; close rima glottides |
| What is the function of the transverse arytenoid? | Adduct vocal cords; close rima glottides |
| What is the function of the obloiqe arytenoid? | Adduct vocal cords; close rima glottides; ALSO laryngeal sphincter |
| What is the function of teh thyroarytenoid? | Relax & adduct vocal cords |
| Where do lymphatics ABOVE vocal cords drain? | Upper deep cervical l.n. |
| Where do lymphatics BELOW vocal cords drain? | Lower deep cervical l.n. |
| Where does the external ear drain? | Parotid, retroauricular, & deep cervical l.n. |
| What is the bony plate separating the middle cranial fossa from the tympanic cavity? | Tegmen tympani |
| What innervates the tensor tympani? | V3 (nerve to medial pterygoid |
| What innervates the stapedius? | VII |
| What is the action of the stapedius? | Draws back the stapes (damps down vibration to stapes) |
| What is the action of the tensor tympani? | Tenses tympanic membrane (damps down vibration of malleus) |
| Where does the internal ear drain? | Retropharyngeal, upper deep cervical, parotid l.n. |
| What innervates the middle ear? | IX via tympanic n., VII of tympanic plexus |
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