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Anatomy Lab
Exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cranial | skull |
| facial | face |
| frontal | forehead |
| temporal | temple |
| occipital | base of skull |
| orbital | eye |
| otic | ear |
| buccal | cheek |
| nasal | nose |
| oral | mouth |
| mental | chin |
| thoracic | chest |
| sternal | breastbone |
| mammary | breast |
| Axillary | armpit |
| abdominal | abdomen |
| umbilical | bellybutton |
| coxal | hip |
| pelvic | pelvis |
| inguinal | groin |
| pubic | genital region |
| scapular | shoulder blade |
| vertebral | spinal column |
| lumbar | low back/loin |
| sacral | between hips (sacrum) |
| gluteal | buttocks |
| perineal | between anus and external genitals |
| acromial | point of the shoulder |
| brachial | arm |
| antecubital | anterior elbow |
| olecranal/cubital | back of elbow |
| antebrachial | forearm |
| carpal | wrist |
| palmar | palm |
| manual (manus) | hand |
| digital/phalangeal | fingers |
| pollex | thumb |
| coxal | hip |
| femoral | thigh |
| patellar | anterior knee |
| popliteal | back of knee |
| crural | anterior leg |
| sural | calf |
| fibular/peroneal | side of leg |
| tarsal | ankle |
| calcaneal | heel |
| digital | toes |
| plantar | sole of foot |
| hallux | great toe |
| Superior | towards head; above |
| inferior | towards feet; below |
| anterior | towards front |
| posterior | towards back |
| medial | towards midline of body |
| lateral | away from midline |
| intermediate | between more medial and more lateral structure |
| ipsilateral | on same side of body |
| contralateral | on opposite side of body |
| proximal | closer to point of attachment or to trunk |
| distal | farther from point of attachment or from trunk |
| superficial | towards surface of body |
| deep | away from surface of body |
| Sagittal plane | lengthwise cut that divides body into right and left parts |
| median (mid sagittal) plane | give equal right and left half’s; cut through midline |
| parasagittal plane | divides body into unequal right and left parts |
| frontal (coronal) plane | divides body into anterior and posterior portions |
| transverse (horizontal) plane | divides body into superior and inferior sections |
| oblique plane | passes through body at an angle |
| Simple | 1 layer of cells |
| stratified | more than 1 layer of cells |
| pseudostratified | simple epithelium that looks stratified; rest on basement membrane, but some don’t reach surface |
| squamous | flat and thin; wider than tall |
| cuboidal | as tall as wide |
| columnar | taller than wide |
| simple squamous | single layer of flat cells with irregular borders |
| simple squamous function | diffusion and filtration |
| simple cuboidal | single layer of square-shaped cells with round nucleus |
| simple cuboidal function | secretion and absorption |
| simple columnar | single layer of tall cells with goblet cells; some ciliated and some have microvilli |
| simple columnar function | absorption and secretion of mucus |
| pseudostratified columnar | irregular cell shapes with varying nucleus positions; cilia, all cells touch basement membrane |
| pseudostratified columnar function | secretion; moving mucus with cilia |
| Areolar tissue | most widely distributed; dark spots are fibroblasts; large pink fibers are collagen, small black fibers are elastic |
| adipose tissue | large, irregular, bubble-like cells filled with fat, suspended in the matrix |
| reticular tissue | reticular cells with large dark fibers |
| dense regular tissue | orderly bundles of collagen fibers with relatively few fibroblasts |
| dense irregular tissue | irregular, non-uniform fiber arrangement, often in sheets |
| elastic connective tissue | mainly elastic fibers with fibroblasts between them |
| Hyaline cartilage | smooth, amorphous matrix; prominent chondrocytes in lacunae; most abundant cartilage |
| elastic cartilage | large chondrocytes in lacunae within a threadlike network of elastic fibers; stretches and keeps its shape |
| fibrocartilage | chondrocytes scattered among thick bundles of collagen; less firm than hyaline, more fibers |
| osteon | structural unit of compact bone, made of concentric rings |
| lamellae | rings of bone |
| central (Haversian) canal | central channel of the osteon |
| lacunae | small spaces within the rings that contain osteocytes |
| blood | connective tissue with liquid matrix; cells are red and white blood cells |
| skeletal muscle tissue | Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells, striated |
| cardiac muscle tissue | striated and branched; usually 1 nucleus per cell; intercalated discs |
| smooth muscle tissue | spindle-shaped cells; no striations; central nuclei |
| Coronal suture | between frontal bone and parietal bones |
| sagittal suture | between 2 parietal bones |
| lambdoid suture | between parietal and occipital bone |
| squamous suture | between parietal and temporal bone |
| supraorbital nerve and artery pass through foramen | what passes through the frontal bone and foramen |
| Vertebral arch | made of 2 pedicles and 2 laminae |
| transverse process of spine | |
| Spinous process | |
| superior articular process | |
| inferior articular process |
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