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Unit 1 Review Honors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which thinker described life without government as insecure and dominated by conflict? | Thomas Hobbes |
| In Locke's theory, what is government's most important responsibility? | Protecting natural rights |
| A government repeatedly takes property without due process and imprisons peaceful critics. What response would Locke's theory permit? | The people may alter or replace the government |
| A nation has an impressive constitution, but officials routinely ignore its limits. How should that government be classified in practice? | Nonconstitutional |
| The central government creates regional governments and can abolish them whenever it chooses. What distribution of power is this? | Unitary |
| In which system does a constitution divide sovereign authority between national and state or provincial governments? | Federal system |
| Citizens may vote, but only candidates from the ruling party can appear on the ballot. Which democratic requirement is most clearly missing? | Meaningful political competition |
| What does the rule of law require? | Government officials and citizens must obey the law |
| The idea that legitimate authority ultimately comes from the people is called what? | Popular sovereignty |
| Which situation best demonstrates limited government? | Officials can exercise only powers allowed by law |
| Why are independent courts important in a constitutional democracy? | They can enforce legal limits without direct political control |
| What lasting principle is most closely associated with Magna Carta? | Rulers are subject to law |
| Why is the Mayflower Compact important to American political development? | Settlers agreed to form a government and obey jointly made laws |
| Which idea from Locke appears most clearly in the Declaration of Independence? | People possess rights that government must protect |
| Why was the Confederation Congress often short of money? | It depended on state contributions instead of taxing directly |
| Merchants faced different state tariffs under the Articles. Which missing national power contributed most to this problem? | Authority to regulate interstate commerce |
| Congress negotiated a treaty, but several states ignored it. What weakness did this expose? | The national government lacked power to enforce its decisions |
| Why was changing the Articles of Confederation exceptionally difficult? | Every state had to approve an amendment |
| Which achievement showed that the government under the Articles could successfully organize western settlement? | The Northwest Ordinance |
| Which proposal at the Constitutional Convention favored representation based mainly on population? | Virginia Plan |
| Which Convention proposal appealed most strongly to small states that wanted equal voting power? | New Jersey Plan |
| What arrangement resolved the major Convention dispute over state representation in Congress? | A population-based House and an equal-state Senate |
| What concession helped win support from delegates who feared the new national government might threaten individual liberties? | A commitment to add a bill of rights |
| What is the primary purpose of the Constitution's Preamble? | To state the purposes and goals of the government |
| Where are the structures and principal responsibilities of the three national branches established? | The Constitution's articles |
| What is the main function of constitutional amendments? | To add to or change the Constitution |
| Congress writes laws, the president carries them out, and courts interpret them. Which principle does this arrangement illustrate? | Separation of powers |
| The Senate refuses to confirm a president's nominee. Which principle is operating? | Checks and balances |
| National and state governments each exercise constitutionally protected authority. Which principle describes this arrangement? | Federalism |
| Citizens choose lawmakers who act on their behalf. Which constitutional principle is illustrated? | Republicanism |
| Congress creates an agency as a reasonable means of carrying out a listed power. Which constitutional idea supports that action? | Implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause |
| Why could a state not impose a tax designed to burden the national bank in McCulloch v. Maryland? | A state may not interfere with a constitutional exercise of national power |
| Why did Madison favor institutions in which officials could block one another's attempts to gain power? | Competing ambitions could help prevent concentration of authority |
| Which combination describes the usual path for adding an amendment to the U.S. Constitution? | Two-thirds proposal and three-fourths ratification |
| A state constitution protects a right more broadly than the federal Constitution. Why can that protection remain valid? | Federal rights are a minimum and states may add greater protection |
| Which power belongs specifically to the national government? | Coining money |
| Which responsibility is most clearly reserved to state governments? | Establishing public-school systems |
| Which activity is a concurrent power exercised by both national and state governments? | Collecting taxes |
| Which action is constitutionally denied to both national and state governments? | Passing an ex post facto law |
| A valid federal environmental rule conflicts directly with a state rule. What determines which rule controls? | The federal rule prevails under the Supremacy Clause |
| Washington offers highway funds only to states that adopt a related traffic-safety requirement. Which tool is being used? | Conditional grant |
| Congress orders every state to meet a national reporting standard, whether or not the state accepts federal aid. What is this requirement? | A mandate |
| States must install new security equipment in public buildings, but Congress supplies no money. What type of federal action is this? | Unfunded mandate |
| The national government gives states money for community development and allows substantial discretion over its use. What kind of aid is this? | Block grant |
| A federal statute prevents states from adopting different safety labels for the same product. Which concept does this illustrate? | Preemption |
| A state bars visitors from other states from using its civil courts. Which constitutional rule is most directly implicated? | Privileges and Immunities Clause |
| Two states want to create a binding agreement to operate a shared transit system. What formal arrangement should they pursue? | Interstate compact |
| A nationwide delivery company operates across state lines. Which power could support federal regulation of its commercial practices? | The commerce power |
| A cyberattack disrupts hospitals in many states at the same time. Which consideration most strongly favors national leadership? | The problem crosses borders and may require a coordinated response |
| Why might local governments take the lead on the daily schedules of their own public schools? | Local conditions and accountability may differ among communities |
Created by:
smccomas
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